At the end of Nuremberg (2000), Dr. Douglas Kelley’s interview serves as a quiet but chilling warning about authoritarianism, drawn from what he learned while evaluating the Nazi defendants.
Kelley explains that the men who carried out monstrous crimes were not all insane, nor were they uniquely evil. Many were psychologically ordinary. What made them dangerous was not madness, but their willingness to surrender moral responsibility to authority. They accepted orders, embraced ideology, and stopped thinking of themselves as individuals who had to choose right from wrong.
He warns that this is not a German problem, or a Nazi problem, but a human one. Under the right conditions—fear, economic stress, social collapse, humiliation, propaganda, and a strong leader promising order—almost any society can slide into authoritarianism. People begin to trade freedom for security, and obedience starts to feel like virtue.
Kelley’s most disturbing point is that authoritarianism does not arrive with obvious monsters. It arrives through normal people who convince themselves they are just doing their jobs, following rules, or serving their country. Once a system rewards obedience and punishes dissent, cruelty can become routine, even banal.
The interview ends on an implicit warning: the danger never disappears. It only waits for conditions to be right again. The responsibility to resist doesn’t belong to heroes—it belongs to ordinary people who must refuse to stop thinking and choosing for themselves.