In trying to verify, I found this...
While the statement that "80% of minerals come from China" is not accurate as a general statement, it's true that China dominates the global supply chain for certain critical minerals, particularly rare earth elements. Specifically, China processes around 90% of the world's rare earths.
There are some mineral resources for which the U.S. is a net exporter. For these resources, the U.S. produces more than it consumes. In 2018, these included:
Metallic abrasives, boron, clays, diatomite, gold, helium, iron and steel scrap, iron ore, kyanite, molybdenum concentrates, industrial sand and gravel, selenium, soda ash, titanium dioxide pigment, wollastonite, zeolites, and zirconium.