The Opioid Epidemic in the US

MarkinPhx

Well-known Member
Location
Phoenix
It is a very scary epidemic. I think most people who define an addict as one who is homeless and out on the streets and that maybe true in some cases but a lot of the addicts are those living next door to you or sitting next to you at work. As far as the pharmaceutical companies go, one needs to look no further then to look at the history of Oxycontin. Total lies by that company about the effects when it came out.


https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smar...dose-death-rate-any-wealthy-nation-180971559/



us-has-highest-overdose-death-rate-any-wealthy-nation-180971559
 

CBS 60 Minutes just did a piece on this problem that showed the US govt. FDA manipulates the laws to alow pharmesuetical companies to up the dosages to killer proportions to 100 X heroin.
 

It's scary. Yet, some people live in great pain and are in need of relief. NSAID's are not good for a lot of people. It's all a real problem.

I do feel bad for those who NSAID's aren't good enough for. I know that precautions have been enacted to try to prevent people from getting hooked on the opiods but often it is too late. Fetanyl is very scary. It can be effective in certain select situations but I know someone who was having back pains and her doctor tried to prescribe it for her.
 
CBS 60 Minutes just did a piece on this problem that showed the US govt. FDA manipulates the laws to alow pharmesuetical companies to up the dosages to killer proportions to 100 X heroin.

Thanks for the info. I will look it up.
 
I have chronic pain. It's not a little bit of pain. It's frikken, damn intense pain. And I take opiods to get relief. Not everybody, who take opiods is addicted. So stop putting me in that category. And stop making opiods so hard to get. I'm tired of people, who have only seen some TV special, get all political, and want to deter my ability to carry on my life. NOT EVERYBODY IS AN ADDICT, WHO USES OPIODS!!!! Let's get cancer patients off those harmful chemotherapy drugs, and on to aroma therapy.
 
My VA doctor prescribes me 50mg Tramadol that I take one every other day and sometimes on both Saturday and Sunday. The 50mg is the lowest strength there is. Wife and I use a CBD Salve sometimes, but even the 1000mg doesn't last long and have to end up reapplying. Also have Topricin Arthritis Cream for feet and another jar for other arthritis pain. My VA doctor also prescribes me 800mg Ibuprofen, that I take almost on a daily basis and have been since 2015. And, one last thing, we have Tumeric capsules that we take once a day in the AM for that dang arthritis pain.

Actually, I'm about to try Apple Cider Vinegar in a cup of Green Tea in the AM, before I use anything else to see how it does. My pain is the "achy/nagging" daily type pain in both shoulders where I had rotator cuff surgery in each.

So, I'm not addicted to Tramadol, but on the days I take a single dose, it sure makes my pain feel much, much better.
 
There is a lot of cracking down with opioids (opiates) going on right now. Many, if not all, states have a database set up with the pharmacies in that state to monitor who is taking what opiate and how much they are receiving. I know several people on opiates and some of them are also seniors. Not just cancer patients are taking these powerful pain relievers, but people with back issues and other skeletal problems, as well. These pills are getting harder and harder to get and some people are really suffering because they cannot get their normal monthly dosage.

There is a difference between being addicted and being dependent. An addict is out looking for the drugs to party and those that are dependent may want to quit, but their body has become dependent on getting more and more of the drugs, unless the patient wants to go through detox and then withdrawal, which can be hell, depending on which and how much of the opiate the person is taking. Heroin is probably still king and has the worse withdrawal symptoms.

I sometimes feel bad for people that really need to have these pain killers to have quality of life. I took some opiates back in early 2000's for back issues and I just didn't like the way they made me feel overall. My doctor kept wanting me to take more and more, so I finally just threw the bottles away and went to a new doctor who took care of my problem without any drugs. You know, I threw away five bottles with 100 pills in each bottle. I took them to our local pill dumpsite and they thought I was crazy until I showed them my ID. The one dud looked at me and just nodded his head and said, "Yeah, I thought you were a cop."
 
My VA doctor prescribes me 50mg Tramadol that I take one every other day and sometimes on both Saturday and Sunday. The 50mg is the lowest strength there is. Wife and I use a CBD Salve sometimes, but even the 1000mg doesn't last long and have to end up reapplying. Also have Topricin Arthritis Cream for feet and another jar for other arthritis pain. My VA doctor also prescribes me 800mg Ibuprofen, that I take almost on a daily basis and have been since 2015. And, one last thing, we have Tumeric capsules that we take once a day in the AM for that dang arthritis pain.

Actually, I'm about to try Apple Cider Vinegar in a cup of Green Tea in the AM, before I use anything else to see how it does. My pain is the "achy/nagging" daily type pain in both shoulders where I had rotator cuff surgery in each.

So, I'm not addicted to Tramadol, but on the days I take a single dose, it sure makes my pain feel much, much better.


Taking the dose of Tramadol that you do is OK. It's a synthetic and contains no morphine. I think my book of drug states that Tramadol is hard to become dependent on. If it works for you, good. I never got any relief from it. I did best on Percocet, but the more that I read about it, the more I wanted not to take it. I want to a pain management (PM) doctor who started me on Gabapentin, which controls the pain in nerves and does not contain any narcotics. On my worse days, it helps about 75% and allows me to have good days. I only take it PRN.
 
I have chronic pain. It's not a little bit of pain. It's frikken, damn intense pain. And I take opiods to get relief. Not everybody, who take opiods is addicted. So stop putting me in that category. And stop making opiods so hard to get. I'm tired of people, who have only seen some TV special, get all political, and want to deter my ability to carry on my life. NOT EVERYBODY IS AN ADDICT, WHO USES OPIODS!!!! Let's get cancer patients off those harmful chemotherapy drugs, and on to aroma therapy.

I understand, Fuzzy. I also, like Classic Rocker, take Tramadol 50mg once or twice per day. On a good days, none. I am not addicted either.
 
There is a lot of cracking down with opioids (opiates) going on right now. Many, if not all, states have a database set up with the pharmacies in that state to monitor who is taking what opiate and how much they are receiving. I know several people on opiates and some of them are also seniors. Not just cancer patients are taking these powerful pain relievers, but people with back issues and other skeletal problems, as well. These pills are getting harder and harder to get and some people are really suffering because they cannot get their normal monthly dosage.

There is a difference between being addicted and being dependent. An addict is out looking for the drugs to party and those that are dependent may want to quit, but their body has become dependent on getting more and more of the drugs, unless the patient wants to go through detox and then withdrawal, which can be hell, depending on which and how much of the opiate the person is taking. Heroin is probably still king and has the worse withdrawal symptoms.

I sometimes feel bad for people that really need to have these pain killers to have quality of life. I took some opiates back in early 2000's for back issues and I just didn't like the way they made me feel overall. My doctor kept wanting me to take more and more, so I finally just threw the bottles away and went to a new doctor who took care of my problem without any drugs. You know, I threw away five bottles with 100 pills in each bottle. I took them to our local pill dumpsite and they thought I was crazy until I showed them my ID. The one dud looked at me and just nodded his head and said, "Yeah, I thought you were a cop."

911-You have my upmost respect for your choice of career but I must refute a statement you made and in doing so, I am revealing something that no one on these forums know because it really didn't pertain to anything in general. I am a recovering alcoholic. I was sober and in the program for 12 years until I relapsed last March. I can blame it on the events of the time but it was my doing, not an event that caused the relapse. Anyway, I spent the past fall and part of the winter at a treatment center here, my second time in 12 years. I can assure you that an addict is NOT one who just wants to go out to party. Most addicts towards the end just want to die. Not BS, truth. 10% of the US population is addicted to drugs or alcohol but only 10% seek help , in part because of the stigma attached to it.


Sure many become dependent on such pain killers and a detox is all it takes to get out of their system. But I have also witnessed many who ended up taking heroin because they were prescribed pain pills but became addicted and turned to heroin or buying the pain pills on the street when they could not be prescribed any more pain killers. These are not inner city kids looking to party. These are people around my age or older who never had a drinking problem or drug problem before. They are addicted, not just dependent on them. They were not looking out to party, they were looking out to get something to relieve their anguish and then go home to take them. The thought that addicts are just kids looking to party is what has prevented many to seek help. Many don't want to be attached to that stigma and figure they can do it on their own. I went to many HA, NA, and CA meetings during my treatment and many of the stories were the same, started off on prescribed drugs and escalated further. And yes, even many of the kids started off that way. So you may disagree with me but I didn't appreciate you slighting off addiction as those who just wanted to party. Many (including myself) just wanted to die. Thankfully various the police in different cities in my area have wised up. Any addict , regardless of age, can go up to an officer and state that they want help and they will get it. Don't get me wrong, if someone does commit a crime because of their addiction ( I learned a lot about pawn shops in my treatment along with gift card scams) then they should be punished accordingly. But no one should be put in jail just because they are an addict. It is much cheaper to send them to a treatment center then off to jail or prison.

Back to the topic, I am no way inferring that those who are taking prescribed opioids are addicts. Most aren't ! But it is a problem and can't be ignored. I'm sorry for those who have limited access to them I do feel very bad for them, but there is a reason they are in place as 911 said. I have heard stories of many who played the system with the right doctors to get what they wanted. Yes, doctors...It's easy to blame those who got hooked on the new regulations and they are to blame for a lot of it, but also be willing to blame the pharmaceutical companies too who pushed their products by lying ? Don't believe me ? Again, look up the history of Oxycontin. Purdue Pharma claimed it was non addictive when they released it but fully knew well that it was. That is fact, not some conspiracy theory. Look it up for yourself.


Sorry for the long rant, and again I did not mean to offend anyone who is currently taking pain pills. They do have a very needed use. And sorry 911, didn't mean to offend you but addicts truly aren't looking out to party. But to deny that there is an epidemic going on is just hiding your head under the sand. Because the pain pills are needed and are useful for many, we just can't ditch them. But we do have to be wary of them and have an open mind to those who do become addicted to them. Odds are you have a family member or friend who is effected, you just don't know it. That's not false news, or hyperbole, it's reality. Don't believe me ? Take the time to go to a local NA, HA, or CA meeting in your area. If it's in an area such as Sun City, you'll be amazed how full the halls are. Just make sure that it's an open meeting and not a closed one. And finally, I honestly have no solution. All I ask is if you do have a family member or friend who becomes addicted (or dependent) don't judge them or cast stones at them. Encourage them to seek help . Going to the primary doctor would be a great first step to see if that person has become addicted or is dependent on the drug.

Rant over.
 
It is a very scary and very sad situation.

For me, I want the very best the pharmaceutical companies have to offer when it comes to pain killers now and in the final days of my life.

It seems to me that some sort of test to determine a person's susceptibility to chemical dependency could be developed that would help in prescribing certain drugs. Also, a program for those that do develop a dependency should be offered/explained at the time these drugs are prescribed so doctor and patient have a game plan to treat side effects/unintended consequences right from the start.

We live in amazing times and unfortunately amazing times include amazing problems/challenges.
 
:applause2::applause2:

It is a very scary and very sad situation.

For me, I want the very best the pharmaceutical companies have to offer when it comes to pain killers now and in the final days of my life.

It seems to me that some sort of test to determine a person's susceptibility to chemical dependency could be developed that would help in prescribing certain drugs. Also, a program for those that do develop a dependency should be offered/explained at the time these drugs are prescribed so doctor and patient have a game plan to treat side effects/unintended consequences right from the start.

We live in amazing times and unfortunately amazing times sometimes includes amazing problems/challenges.
 
I would have to agree with you Mark, about the generalization in some people's minds when they envision an alcoholic or an addict, the stereotype of a homeless person, partyer, or thinking less than of this person.

From a personal perspective, I can tell you this is not true in so, so many cases. I grew up with a father who was a "functioning alcoholic", a business man, very personal, loving and well-liked in the community. I so wish there would have been someone out there that could have reached him and save his life. I lost him when I was 21, he was 51.

I never stopped loving him or blamed him, even though it wasn't always easy. Especially as I grew older, I was able to separate his disease, yes, disease, just like, cancer, diabetes or heart disease, from the great person, great dad he was.

I think addiction, in whatever form, drugs or alcohol (and depression) needs to be thought of and treated as is cancer, heart disease and diabetes etc. This would also take some of the stigma off the person who is trying so hard and giving all their efforts to beat their addiction, to be treated for their disease and not be judged or be in fear of being found out, and in turn keep them from reaching out for help. It's a shame it is, for the most part, this way.

I wish to God I had the answers, believe me.

I just wanted to also add that I think genetics play a huge part in all this.....my dad's brother's were also alcoholics.
 
I would have to agree with you Mark, about the generalization in some people's minds when they envision an alcoholic or an addict, the stereotype of a homeless person, partyer, or thinking less than of this person.

From a personal perspective, I can tell you this is not true in so, so many cases. I grew up with a father who was a "functioning alcoholic", a business man, very personal, loving and well-liked in the community. I so wish there would have been someone out there that could have reached him and save his life. I lost him when I was 21, he was 51.

I never stopped loving him or blamed him, even though it wasn't always easy. Especially as I grew older, I was able to separate his disease, yes, disease, just like, cancer, diabetes or heart disease, from the great person, great dad he was.

I think addiction, in whatever form, drugs or alcohol (and depression) needs to be thought of and treated as is cancer, heart disease and diabetes etc. This would also take some of the stigma off the person who is trying so hard and giving all their efforts to beat their addiction, to be treated for their disease and not be judged or be in fear of being found out, and in turn keep them from reaching out for help. It's a shame it is, for the most part, this way.

I wish to God I had the answers, believe me.

Excellent post, Cindy. My wonderful father was also a functioning alcoholic. I totally agree with you about all types of addiction, whether to a drug, food, alcohol, or whatever.
 
I've got a couple of small bottles of Oxy that I was prescribed...one after having a kidney stone, and another after getting a difficult root canal....perhaps 50 pills total, That stuff makes me "Loopy". I took a couple of these pills in the first day or two after the problem....which kind of knocked me out...and I probably have 40 of them left. I will keep them handy if something really painful occurs, but for the most part, if I feel any pain, a single Naproxen Sodium(generic Aleve) does all I need...usually once or twice a month, after doing more work than this old body can tolerate.

With all the people that these oxy pills are becoming addicted to, and even increasing numbers that are dying from overdoses, it appears that the politicians...at least here in this State...are finally trying to pass some legislation that would substantially monitor, and restrict the overprescribing of this stuff. I hope this law passes.
 
Personally, I could never take pain pills. They screwed up with my digestive system but then again I've been lucky enough never to have been in too much pain to really need them. Of course now, I would avoid them unless there was no other option. My doctor knows my situation and I trust his judgement. Many I know in AA will go through detox if they do have to take pain medication for even a little amount of time.
 
Mark----What I was referring to is that in law enforcement, if a person is considered an "addict" it means to us that it's his/her wish to do the drugs. To be "dependent" means that they are those people that have become addicted (dependent ) on the drugs due to being over-prescribed by their physician. It's semantics, I know, but when a person is arrested for whatever reason and they are suspected of being high, we check to see if we can find any needle marks or we may just ask them if they have any drugs on them on in them. Either way, if they are acting suspicious as though they may be high or not sober, we will request that they take a BAC test. If they have committed any crime or have proven to be not in stable condition, we can order them to take a BAC test without first obtaining a warrant.

I really do understand your situation as I have encountered others in a likewise situation. It's not unfamiliar to me. Drugs and alcohol have both become a serious problem here in the U.S. Going into detox may get it out of their system, but it does not make them pure again. They are still addicted or dependent on the drug, including alcohol. During detox, a person is slowly weaned off of their drug by using one of the synthetics that are available. After they have been cleaned, they are still addicted or dependent and may need additional hospitalization; inpatient or outpatient to continue their journey to becoming non-dependent. Getting rid of the cravings through therapy in a rehab facility generally works for most patients. Staying clean is a battle of its own. Many people like the feeling that they had while on their drug, including alcohol, so much too often, the patient will relapse and the process has to start all over again.

There are three classes of drugs that are most often over-used, Opiates, Benzodiazepines (Xanax) and Alcohol. People taking the drug Tramadol are less likely to become addicted. It's a very low dose synthetic that provides some relief from pain. However, Tramadol does not work for everyone, so they turn to a more potent narcotic. Getting this stuff off the street is almost impossible. The war on drugs was lost a long time ago. I think Heroin, Fentanyl and Dilaudid are the more popular opiates among addicts. They also have a high street value, but since there is so much Heroin available out there on the streets, the price has rapidly decreased and has become affordable like never before.

I went back and reread your post and I think you are still confusing addiction with dependency. Anyway, I remember back when I first became a Trooper and the drug Codeine had become very popular, even to the point that years later, the drug had to be prescribed. Lower doses could be found in some cough medicines, but higher doses needed a prescription. One night while on patrol, I came upon a car parked too far away from the curb in a small town on my route. After I walked up to the window, I saw a man slumped back over his seat. I quickly opened the door and got him outside and on the ground. Once I was sure that he was going to be OK, I looked inside of his car and on the front seat, I found a bottle of Tylenol with Codeine. I looked at the bottle's label and read that a dentist had prescribed the pills. I called for an ambulance and had him transported to a hospital. In the morning, I went back and asked him some questions, but I really wanted to know how many pills he had taken and for what. he said that he had three teeth pulled just a week earlier and his dentist game him a script for 50 pills. He said they made him feel so good that he just kept taking them.

I know many people that are dependent on Opiates are linked together or stereotyped with street addicts. And, like you already stated, this is one of the reasons that they give as to why they do not seek help. However, that's not necessarily true. If they would go to a rehab and explain to the admitting person, who usually has a vast amount of experience in these matters, and advises them of how they became dependent or addicted to the drugs, they will find that all too often these people are understanding and will help them. Like I already have stated, we lost the war in drugs a long time ago.
 
There is a hysteria about opiods. They are considered "evil" and unnecessary. They cause only addiction and death. They have to be contained. Pain is just a state of mind, for which doctors "over prescribe" inappropriate ADDICTIVE DRUGS, pushed by the billion dollar pharmaceutical industry. Bad, Bad. BAD. Unfortunately, we don't have anything else in our bag of tricks for the effective relief of moderate to excruciating pain, except opiods. Do these drugs come with horrors? Of course. We have a huge drug addiction problem that we have never been really able to control for decade, after decade, after decade. But while we try to alleviate the misuse of opiods, we can't loose sight of why we have them- PAIN.
 
I understand your view now. We are very much on the same page. And there is a difference between those who became physically dependent and an addict. I see your point now. I drank because of underlying issues. Alcoholism was just there symptom. Some become dependent physically but have no underlying issues. Good point !

Mark----What I was referring to is that in law enforcement, if a person is considered an "addict" it means to us that it's his/her wish to do the drugs. To be "dependent" means that they are those people that have become addicted (dependent ) on the drugs due to being over-prescribed by their physician. It's semantics, I know, but when a person is arrested for whatever reason and they are suspected of being high, we check to see if we can find any needle marks or we may just ask them if they have any drugs on them on in them. Either way, if they are acting suspicious as though they may be high or not sober, we will request that they take a BAC test. If they have committed any crime or have proven to be not in stable condition, we can order them to take a BAC test without first obtaining a warrant.

I really do understand your situation as I have encountered others in a likewise situation. It's not unfamiliar to me. Drugs and alcohol have both become a serious problem here in the U.S. Going into detox may get it out of their system, but it does not make them pure again. They are still addicted or dependent on the drug, including alcohol. During detox, a person is slowly weaned off of their drug by using one of the synthetics that are available. After they have been cleaned, they are still addicted or dependent and may need additional hospitalization; inpatient or outpatient to continue their journey to becoming non-dependent. Getting rid of the cravings through therapy in a rehab facility generally works for most patients. Staying clean is a battle of its own. Many people like the feeling that they had while on their drug, including alcohol, so much too often, the patient will relapse and the process has to start all over again.

There are three classes of drugs that are most often over-used, Opiates, Benzodiazepines (Xanax) and Alcohol. People taking the drug Tramadol are less likely to become addicted. It's a very low dose synthetic that provides some relief from pain. However, Tramadol does not work for everyone, so they turn to a more potent narcotic. Getting this stuff off the street is almost impossible. The war on drugs was lost a long time ago. I think Heroin, Fentanyl and Dilaudid are the more popular opiates among addicts. They also have a high street value, but since there is so much Heroin available out there on the streets, the price has rapidly decreased and has become affordable like never before.

I went back and reread your post and I think you are still confusing addiction with dependency. Anyway, I remember back when I first became a Trooper and the drug Codeine had become very popular, even to the point that years later, the drug had to be prescribed. Lower doses could be found in some cough medicines, but higher doses needed a prescription. One night while on patrol, I came upon a car parked too far away from the curb in a small town on my route. After I walked up to the window, I saw a man slumped back over his seat. I quickly opened the door and got him outside and on the ground. Once I was sure that he was going to be OK, I looked inside of his car and on the front seat, I found a bottle of Tylenol with Codeine. I looked at the bottle's label and read that a dentist had prescribed the pills. I called for an ambulance and had him transported to a hospital. In the morning, I went back and asked him some questions, but I really wanted to know how many pills he had taken and for what. he said that he had three teeth pulled just a week earlier and his dentist game him a script for 50 pills. He said they made him feel so good that he just kept taking them.

I know many people that are dependent on Opiates are linked together or stereotyped with street addicts. And, like you already stated, this is one of the reasons that they give as to why they do not seek help. However, that's not necessarily true. If they would go to a rehab and explain to the admitting person, who usually has a vast amount of experience in these matters, and advises them of how they became dependent or addicted to the drugs, they will find that all too often these people are understanding and will help them. Like I already have stated, we lost the war in drugs a long time ago.
 
Fuzzy, hopefully sometime soon down the line better alternatives will be developed but for now you are right. And most who do use the current medications have no issues.
Just like I would never advocate prohibition of alcohol just because I have an issue, I'd never want the current medications to be removed. They are a godsend to many.
 
Here's an excerpt from an article I saw the other day about something new-
These New Painkillers Could Replace Opioids



"
As the nation grapples with an opioid epidemic that is now killing 78 people per day, new research suggests that an alternate form of treatment may be just around the corner.


In a study released Wednesday morning, researchers from Duke University announced the discovery of a new class of pain relievers that targets two different—and relatively new—pain receptors. Published in Scientific Reports and funded by the National Institute of Health, the study is groundbreaking: a potential solution for a seemingly insurmountable problem.

https://www.thedailybeast.com/these-new-painkillers-could-replace-opioids
 
There is a hysteria about opiods. They are considered "evil" and unnecessary. They cause only addiction and death. They have to be contained. Pain is just a state of mind, for which doctors "over prescribe" inappropriate ADDICTIVE DRUGS, pushed by the billion dollar pharmaceutical industry. Bad, Bad. BAD. Unfortunately, we don't have anything else in our bag of tricks for the effective relief of moderate to excruciating pain, except opiods. Do these drugs come with horrors? Of course. We have a huge drug addiction problem that we have never been really able to control for decade, after decade, after decade. But while we try to alleviate the misuse of opiods, we can't loose sight of why we have them- PAIN.

As someone who takes opioids daily for arthritis pain, I agree with you Fuzzy. It has become increasingly difficult to obtain my monthly prescription as the opioid addiction hysteria has taken hold. While I personally know a couple people who have lost family members to this problem and I have sympathy for what they have suffered through, I feel that the law breaking drug abusers have taken precedent over the law abiding opioid user and that's wrong.

I also don't think the tag of "epidemic" should be put on this issue. In relation to other much more common causes of death in the US, such as over 200 alcohol related deaths daily and approx 100 gun deaths per day in the US, there are much more pressing issues that could be referred to as "epidemic" but aren't. The word epidemic is used very selectively and quite often incorrectly, which dilutes it's meaning.
 
I did not see one post caliming EVERYONE was addicted to the drugs but let's not turn our backs on the fact that the addiction problems to these drugs are in fact a major problen/crisis.
 
https://www.apa.org/monitor/2018/10/portugal-opioid

Like the United States today, Portugal in the 1990s was in the grip of an opioid epidemic so intense that Lisbon was known as the "heroin capital" of Europe. But thanks to an innovative law that went into effect in 2001, Portugal has turned its crisis around.

With the backing of psychologists and other health-care professionals, the law decriminalized the use and possession of up to 10 days' worth of narcotics or other drugs for individuals' own use. (Dealers still go to jail.) Instead of facing prison time and criminal records, users who are caught by police go before a local three-person commission for the dissuasion of drug addiction, a panel typically composed of a lawyer plus some combination of a physician, psychologist, social worker or other health-care professional with expertise in drug addiction.


The commission assesses whether the individual is addicted and suggests treatment as needed. Nonaddicted individuals may receive a warning or a fine. However, the commission can decide to suspend enforcement of these penalties for six months if the individual agrees to get help—an information session, motivational interview or brief intervention—targeted to his or her pattern of drug use. If that happens and the person doesn't appear before the commission again during the six-month period, the case is closed.


Shifting from a criminal approach to a public health one—the so-called Portugal model—has had dramatic results. According to a New York Times analysis, the number of heroin users in Portugal has dropped from about 100,000 before the law to just 25,000 today. Portugal now has the lowest drug-related death rate in Western Europe, with a mortality rate a tenth of Britain's and a fiftieth of the United States'. The number of HIV diagnoses caused by injection drug use has plummeted by more than 90 percent. Delegates from the United States and other nations—including APA's Amanda Clinton, PhD, senior director for international affairs—arrive regularly to see the model firsthand.


"You cannot work with people when they're afraid of being caught and going to prison," says psychologist Francisco Miranda Rodrigues, president of the Ordem dos Psicólogos Portugueses. "It's not possible to have an effective health program if people are hiding the problem."



 


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