Today in History

20 January 1936 – Edward VIII becomes King of the United Kingdom.

Edward VIII (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David; 1894–1972) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Empire, and Emperor of India, from 20 January 1936 until his abdication on 11 December the same year.

Edward in uniform as colonel of the Welsh Guards, 1919.

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Edward was the eldest son of King George V and Queen Mary. He was named Prince of Wales on his sixteenth birthday, nine weeks after his father succeeded as king. As a young man, he served in the British Army during the First World War and undertook several overseas tours on behalf of his father.

“The Year of the Three Kings”, postcard 1936.

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Edward became king on his father’s death on 20 January 1936. However, he showed impatience with court protocol, and caused concern among politicians by his apparent disregard for established constitutional conventions.

Only months into his reign, he caused a constitutional crisis by proposing marriage to Wallis Simpson, an American who had divorced her first husband and was seeking a divorce from her second. The prime ministers of the United Kingdom and the Dominions opposed the marriage, arguing that a divorced woman with two living ex-husbands was politically and socially unacceptable as a prospective queen consort.

Edward abdicated on 11 December 1936. He was succeeded by his younger brother, George VI. With a reign of 326 days, Edward is one of the shortest-reigning monarchs in British history.
 
20 January 1936 – Edward VIII becomes King of the United Kingdom.

Edward VIII (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David; 1894–1972) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Empire, and Emperor of India, from 20 January 1936 until his abdication on 11 December the same year.

Edward in uniform as colonel of the Welsh Guards, 1919.

38888987315_03a2ddec68_o.jpg


Edward was the eldest son of King George V and Queen Mary. He was named Prince of Wales on his sixteenth birthday, nine weeks after his father succeeded as king. As a young man, he served in the British Army during the First World War and undertook several overseas tours on behalf of his father.

“The Year of the Three Kings”, postcard 1936.

25915658178_a92e1e7397_o.jpg


Edward became king on his father’s death on 20 January 1936. However, he showed impatience with court protocol, and caused concern among politicians by his apparent disregard for established constitutional conventions.

Only months into his reign, he caused a constitutional crisis by proposing marriage to Wallis Simpson, an American who had divorced her first husband and was seeking a divorce from her second. The prime ministers of the United Kingdom and the Dominions opposed the marriage, arguing that a divorced woman with two living ex-husbands was politically and socially unacceptable as a prospective queen consort.

Edward abdicated on 11 December 1936. He was succeeded by his younger brother, George VI. With a reign of 326 days, Edward is one of the shortest-reigning monarchs in British history.

Although I'm no expert, he seemed very impressed with Hitler and thought he would win the war.

……According to her, the Duke's relationship with his wife was distant. "She hardly ever came in to see him," Alexander said. "I saw her in his room on the first night, and then again the night he died. I was there from 7 pm to 7 am for about three weeks, and during that time, she didn't come in and eat with her husband."…….
https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/tradition/a29311370/duke-of-windsor-death-true-story/
 

20th January

1265 England's first Parliament met at Westminster Hall in London, convened by the Earl of Leicester, Simon de Montfort.

1356 Edward Balliol abdicated as King of Scotland in favour of Edward III and in exchange for an English pension.

1850 The opening of the Penny Savings Bank, to encourage thrift amongst the poor.

2014 Dr Michael Ramscar and a team of scientists suggested that the brains of older people only appear to slow down because they have so much information to compute, much like a full up hard drive. "The brains of older people do not get weak. On the contrary, they simply know more." 🧠
 
Jan 20th
1887
U.S. Senate approves naval base lease at Pearl Harbor
1945
Franklin Roosevelt became POTUS for a record 4th term{never to be repeated}.His term was cut short when he died in Warm Springs,Georgia on April 12th
1980
Pres Jimmy Carter announces U.S. boycott of Olympic Games being held in Russia
1981
U.S. diplomats and citizens held hostage for 444 days at the U.S. Embassy in Tehran are released
 
This day in History

21/01/1981: Tehran frees US hostages after 444 days

The 52 American hostages held at the US embassy in Tehran for more than 14 months arrive in West Germany on their way home to the United States.

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21/01/1992: UN threatens Libya with sanctions
Libya has been served with a resolution to hand over intelligence agents accused of two airliner bombings.

21/01/1950: Acclaimed author George Orwell dies
The British writer George Orwell dies after a three-year battle against tuberculosis.

21/01/1997: Carers accused in child abuse inquiry
More than 80 people are named as child abusers in statements to the North Wales inquiry.

21/01/1966: Future of Monte Carlo rally in doubt
The Monte Carlo rally ends in uproar over the disqualification of the British cars expected to fill the first four places.
 
21 January 1793 – The last King of France, Louis XVI, is executed by guillotine.

Louis XVI (23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793), born Louis-Auguste, was the last King of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. In 1765, at the death of his father, Louis, son and heir apparent of Louis XV, Louis-Auguste became the new Dauphin of France. Upon his grandfather’s death on 10 May 1774, he assumed the title “King of France and Navarre”, which he used until 4 September 1791, when he received the title of “King of the French” until the monarchy was abolished on 21 September 1792.

Execution of Louis XVI in the Place de la Révolution, 21 January 1793. The empty pedestal in front of him had supported an equestrian statue of his grandfather, Louis XV. When the monarchy was abolished on 11 August 1792, the statue was torn down and sent to be melted.

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In a context of civil and international war, Louis XVI was suspended and arrested at the time of the insurrection of 10 August 1792; one month later, the constitutional monarchy was abolished and the First French Republic was proclaimed on 21 September 1792. Louis was tried by the National Convention, self-instituted as a tribunal for the occasion, found guilty of high treason, and executed by guillotine on 21 January 1793, aged 38.

His wife Marie Antoinette, whom he’d married on on 16 May 1770, had a trial beginning on 14 October 1793. Two days later she was convicted by the Revolutionary Tribunal of high treason and she too was executed by guillotine, aged 37, in the Place de la Révolution on 16 October 1793.

Louis XVI was the only King of France ever to be executed, and his death brought an end to more than a thousand years of continuous French monarchy.
 
This day in History

21/01/1981: Tehran frees US hostages after 444 days

The 52 American hostages held at the US embassy in Tehran for more than 14 months arrive in West Germany on their way home to the United States.

View attachment 145487

21/01/1992: UN threatens Libya with sanctions
Libya has been served with a resolution to hand over intelligence agents accused of two airliner bombings.

21/01/1950: Acclaimed author George Orwell dies
The British writer George Orwell dies after a three-year battle against tuberculosis.

21/01/1997: Carers accused in child abuse inquiry
More than 80 people are named as child abusers in statements to the North Wales inquiry.

21/01/1966: Future of Monte Carlo rally in doubt
The Monte Carlo rally ends in uproar over the disqualification of the British cars expected to fill the first four places.
Thanks Tish. A little history re the Monte Carlo Rally ...
Henri Rougier and the victorious 25Hp Turcat-Méry before the inaugural Monte Carlo rally, 1911.

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This day in History

21/01/1981: Tehran frees US hostages after 444 days

The 52 American hostages held at the US embassy in Tehran for more than 14 months arrive in West Germany on their way home to the United States.

View attachment 145487

21/01/1992: UN threatens Libya with sanctions
Libya has been served with a resolution to hand over intelligence agents accused of two airliner bombings.

21/01/1950: Acclaimed author George Orwell dies
The British writer George Orwell dies after a three-year battle against tuberculosis.

21/01/1997: Carers accused in child abuse inquiry
More than 80 people are named as child abusers in statements to the North Wales inquiry.

21/01/1966: Future of Monte Carlo rally in doubt
The Monte Carlo rally ends in uproar over the disqualification of the British cars expected to fill the first four places.
The hostages in Iran was an incredible day in history, to see the women in the days of the Shah in attractive western dress and then after the coup, thrown back into the dark ages. Tragic.
 
21st January

1670 Claude Duvall executed at Tyburn. Claude Duval, also spelled Du Vall, celebrated Norman-born highwayman of Restoration England, popularized as a gallant cavalier.

His gravestone at St. Paul’s Church, Covent Garden, reads:
"Here lies DuVall: Reder, if male thou art,
Look to thy purse; if female, to thy heart..."


1799 Edward Jenner's smallpox vaccination was introduced. His work on vaccination prevented him from continuing with his ordinary medical practice.

1807 Streets in London were first illuminated by gaslight when Pall Mall was lit up.
 
Jan 21st
1677
The 1st medical publication in America is published in Boston,Mass,pamphlet on small pox
1969
A partial meltdown at the Lucen Nuclear Reactor in Switzerland seriously contimates the cavern containing the reactor.The plant is sealed and decommissioned
1991
CBS News correspondent,Bob Simon and 4 TV crew members are kidnapped&held for 40 days by Iraqis in the Persian Gulf
 
This day in History

22/01/1689

Prince William of Orange (future King William III of Britain), summons Convention Parliament to discuss ruling jointly with his wife Mary (daughter of exiled King James II)

22/01/1879
Battle of Rorke's Drift: British garrison of 150 holds off 3,000-4,000 Zulu warriors. Eleven Victoria Crosses and a number of other decorations were awarded to the defenders.

22/01/1905
In St Petersburg, Russia, a large demonstration of workers led by Father Gapon, march to the Winter Palace with a petition to the Tsar; troops fire on protesters in what becomes known as 'Bloody Sunday'

22/01/1973
Roe vs Wade: US Supreme Court legalizes most abortions.

22/01/2020
China locks down the city of Wuhan and its 11 million people, in an effort to control COVID-19 with a then official death toll of 17 and over 500 people ill
 
This day in History

23/01/1973: Nixon announces Vietnam peace deal


The US president, Richard Nixon, has appeared on national television to announce "peace with honour" in Vietnam.

"Let us now build a peace of reconciliation"
President Richard Nixon

Statements issued simultaneously in Washington and Hanoi confirmed the peace deal was signed in Paris at 1230 local time, bringing to an end America's longest war.
The ceasefire will begin at midnight Hanoi time on Saturday, 27 January, monitored by an international force made up of troops from Canada, Poland, Hungary and Indonesia.

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23/01/1989: Many killed in Tajik earthquake
Hundreds of people are feared dead after a powerful earthquake struck the Soviet Central Asian republic of Tajikistan.
Early reports say one village of clay homes was buried under a 50ft (17m) landslide, triggered by the earth tremors. All 600 inhabitants of Sharora are believed to have died.
The official Soviet news agency, Tass, says, 1,000 people may have been killed.

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23/01/1955: Express train crashes killing 14
Fourteen people were killed and dozens injured when an express train travelling from York to Bristol derailed and overturned at Sutton Coldfield station.
The train, which was carrying about 300 passengers, had been diverted via Sutton Coldfield from its usual route through Tamworth because of essential maintenance to tracks.

It is understood seven bodies, including those of the two drivers, are still trapped inside the wreckage.
Following the accident, the death toll rose to 17 and the number of injured to 43.

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23/01/1971: Britain allowed to sell arms to S Africa
The Commonwealth Conference in Singapore has ended with a compromise over the wording of the Declaration of Commonwealth principles.
Talks centred around Britain's proposal to sell arms to South Africa, despite a voluntary United Nations embargo on arms sales.

In the end the South African government did not make any significant orders for arms.
In 1977 the UN Security Council upgraded their stance to a mandatory arms embargo against South Africa.

The UN arms embargo was lifted in May 1994, shortly after Nelson Mandela became South Africa's first black president.
 
23 January 1368 – In a coronation ceremony, Zhu Yuanzhang ascends the throne of China as the Hongwu Emperor, initiating Ming dynasty rule over China that would last for three centuries.
The Hongwu Emperor (1328–1398), personal name Zhu Yuanzhang, was the founder and first emperor of China’s Ming dynasty. He reigned from his coronation on 23 January 1368 to 24 June 1398.
MingDynasty.jpg


23 January 1571 – The Royal Exchange opens in London.
The Royal Exchange in London was founded in the 16th century by the merchant Thomas Gresham on the suggestion of his factor Richard Clough to act as a centre of commerce for the City of London. The site was provided by the City of London Corporation and the Worshipful Company of Mercers, who still jointly own the freehold.
Royal Exchange.jpg
Traditionally, the steps of the Royal Exchange is the place where certain royal proclamations, such as the dissolution of parliament, are read out by either a herald or a crier. Following the death or abdication of a monarch and the confirmation of the next monarch’s accession to the throne by the Accession Council, the Royal Exchange Building is one of the locations where a herald proclaims the new monarch’s reign to the public.

23 January 1943 – Fall of Rabaul, the capital of the Territory of New Guinea, occurs when the Japanese invasion force quickly overwhelms the small Australian garrison at Rabaul.
An Australian soldier, Private George “Dick” Whittington, is aided by Papuan orderly Raphael Oimbari near Buna.
FW Angel.jpg
Local Papuans, called Fuzzy Wuzzy Angels by the Australians, assisted and escorted injured Australian troops down the Kokoda track.
 
Jan 23rd
1849
U.S. patent for the envelope making machine granted to Jesse K.Park,Cornelius Wilson
1957
Wham 0 Corp produces the 1st Frisbee disc{ orginally was called 'Pluto Platter}
1968
spy ship USS Pueblo with 83 man crew was seized by North Korea in the Sea of Japan.
They were held for 11 months charged with intruding N.Korean waters
1983
future tennis Hall Of Famer, Bjorn Borg, retires from tennis at age 26
He won 6 Wimbledon,6 French Open titles
 
This day in History

24/01/1966: 117 die in Air India tragedy


Over 100 passengers have been kiiled after an Air India Boeing-707 plane crashed into Mont Blanc in the Alps.
The plane was on a regular Bombay to New York flight when the accident happened at around 0800 local time.

All 106 passengers and 11 crew were killed on the aircraft as it prepared to land at Geneva airport in Switzerland.

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24/01/1961: End of the road for Monroe and Miller

The Hollywood screen star Marilyn Monroe has divorced her husband, playwright Arthur Miller, after less than five years of marriage.
The divorce was granted in Mexico, where a judge signed the decree. The grounds of divorce were listed as "incompatibility".

It has been rumoured that the pair have had frequent quarrels over their differing lifestyles.

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24/01/1965: Winston Churchill dies

Sir Winston Churchill has died at the age of 90 with his wife Lady Clementine Churchill and other members of the family at his bedside.
He suffered a stroke 15 days ago and gradually slipped into a deep sleep from which he never awakened.

Sir Winston died in his London home at Hyde Park Gate.

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24/01/1969: LSE closes over student clashes

The London School of Economics has been closed following violent protests by students angry at the installation of steel security gates.
Police were called in to try to break up the demonstrators who broke through seven sets of steel protective gates put up last week at the university in the Aldwych, central London.

The gates had been attacked with crowbars, pickaxes and sledgehammers.
Officers arrested 25 students who were taken to Bow Street police station.

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24/01/2001: Mandelson resigns - again
The Northern Ireland Secretary, Peter Mandelson, has resigned from the cabinet over a row concerning a passport application from an Indian billionaire.
It is the second time Mr Mandelson has been forced to leave the cabinet in disgrace since Labour came to power in 1997.

Mr Mandelson, a close confidant and friend of the Prime Minister, Tony Blair, said he did not accept he had acted "improperly in any way" over the passport affair.

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1908 Lieutenant General Robert Baden-Powell publishes "Scouting for Boys" as a manual for self-instruction in outdoor skills and self-improvement. The book becomes the inspiration for the Scout Movement.

wedding.jpg
Robert Baden-Powell’s great grandson Gerard Baden-Clay was born to lead. To do great things. It was in his DNA.

But in 2014, he was found guilty of murdering his wife Allison, the mother of his three children and sentenced to life in prison.

Apparently he is a model prisoner. His good behaviour has reportedly earned him extra privileges, including extra “buy-ups” at the prison canteen and possibly an extra weekly visit. “He does everything he is asked to do,” a source said. “When he approaches you he says: ‘Excuse me, officer.’ He is very polite.
 

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24 January AD 76 – Roman Emperor Hadrian is born.

Hadrian (24 January 76 – 10 July 138) was Roman emperor from 117 to 138. He is known for building Hadrian’s Wall, which marked the northern limit of Britannia. He also rebuilt the Pantheon which still stands today and constructed the Temple of Venus and Roma, the largest temple in Ancient Rome.

Hadrian’s Wall was 80 Roman miles or 117.5 km long; its width and height varied according to the construction materials available nearby. As an indication, East of the River Irthing, the wall was made from squared stone and measured 3 metres wide and 5 to 6 metres high. There was a fort about every five Roman miles.

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His predecessor, Trajan, was a maternal cousin of Hadrian’s father. Trajan did not officially designate an heir during his lifetime, but his friend and adviser Licinius Sura was well disposed towards Hadrian. Trajan’s wife, Pompeia Plotina, claimed that her husband nominated Hadrian as emperor immediately before his death. Soon after his succession, four leading senators who had opposed Hadrian were unlawfully put to death. The senate never forgave Hadrian for this.

Bust. Denarius. Statue of Hadrian in military garb, wearing the civic crown and muscle cuirass, from Antalya, Turkey.

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During his reign, Hadrian travelled to nearly every province of the Empire. An ardent admirer of Greece, he sought to make Athens the cultural capital of the Empire and ordered the construction of many opulent temples in the city. He used his relationship with his Greek lover Antinous to underline his philhellenism (love of Greek culture), and this led to the establishment of one of the most popular cults of ancient times. Hadrian spent a great deal of time with the military; he usually wore military attire and even dined and slept among the soldiers. He ordered rigorous military training and drilling and made use of false reports of attacks to keep the army on alert.

The Pantheon. The Temple of Venus and Roma by the Colosseum.

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Hadrian’s last years were marred by illness and his further executions of leading senators suspected of plotting against him. In 138 he adopted Antoninus Pius on the condition that Antoninus adopt Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus as his own heirs. They would eventually succeed Antoninus as co-emperors. Hadrian died the same year at Baiae. Antoninus had him deified, despite opposition from the Senate.

Hadrian’s tomb.

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The Mausoleum of Hadrian, usually known as Castel Sant’Angelo is a towering cylindrical building in Parco Adriano, Rome, Italy. It was initially commissioned by Hadrian as a mausoleum for himself and his family. Hadrian’s ashes were placed there a year after his death in Baiae in 138, together with those of his wife Sabina, and his first adopted son, Lucius Aelius, who also died in 138.

Castel Sant’Angelo was later used by the popes as a fortress and castle, and is now a museum. The Castle was once the tallest building in Rome.
 
1908 Lieutenant General Robert Baden-Powell publishes "Scouting for Boys" as a manual for self-instruction in outdoor skills and self-improvement. The book becomes the inspiration for the Scout Movement.

View attachment 145952
Robert Baden-Powell’s great grandson Gerard Baden-Clay was born to lead. To do great things. It was in his DNA.

But in 2014, he was found guilty of murdering his wife Allison, the mother of his three children and sentenced to life in prison.

Apparently he is a model prisoner. His good behaviour has reportedly earned him extra privileges, including extra “buy-ups” at the prison canteen and possibly an extra weekly visit. “He does everything he is asked to do,” a source said. “When he approaches you he says: ‘Excuse me, officer.’ He is very polite.
Such a strange and awful case.
 
24th January

Japanese Sgt. Shoichi Yokoi was found hiding in a Guam jungle, where he had been since the end of World War II. He was among the last three Japanese hold-outs to surrender after the end of hostilities in 1945, almost 28 years after the island had been liberated by allied forces in 1944.

1976 Margaet Thatcher, leader of the Conservative party, was dubbed 'The Iron Lady' in the Soviet newspaper 'Red Star' after her speech on the threat of Communism.

2015 A racehorse named Sir Winston Churchill netted a win, on the 50th anniversary of the wartime leader's death, in the 3.25 race at Uttoxeter racecourse.
 


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