This is more or less the reason I sold our beach house and ultimately left Florida. Hurricane Dennis about 18 years ago did hundreds of thousands of dollars damage to my home and a small office building I owned and worked out of. We had flood insurance but it paid only a relatively small fraction of the losses. I had too much in my 401ks for FEMA or any other agency to provide any real help. I understand that.
When I sold the value of my home and other property were substantially reduced by the damage history, even though I had rebuilt and restored better. I lost a lot, but got out ok. I know others were hit harder.
Now that I look at it in retrospect I don't think the government should be in the business of bailing out people who choose to live in risky places. I got some help, the limited flood insurance payments, my biggest was a pretty substantial tax deduction I was able to take for the losses. That tax deduction is only available to people in counties declared disaster areas. It will be a shock to Florida's real estate business, but things like the federal flood insurance program need to end. And I would take a close look at things like that tax deduction, I benefited from it, but am not sure I should have.
The situation in Louisiana is even worse than Florida. In and around New Orleans hundreds of thousands of people live in houses near or below sea level. Only the levees make them dry, most of the time. Most of the cost of those levees are borne by us, through the US Army Corps of engineers. Then federal flood insurance is sold to those people at rates assuming the levees will not fail. As Katrina showed that is a fallacy. A double subsidy supporting building in risky places.
After Katrina the US government spent billions making it possible for those folks in risky places to rebuild... in the same places. New Orleans was not hit by the worst of Katrina, Mississippi was, but being lower Louisiana got more damage. The New Orleans area has been flooded by many hurricanes in the past and will continue to be, and it is getting worse for a variety of reasons, including sea level rise, coastal erosion, and possibly climate change driven more powerful storms. The area is also at risk from the Mississippi River, another River flood comparable to 1927 would do billions in damage, and it will happen.
About done venting, I feel strongly about this, we need to stop building in high risk places, first step in that direction is stopping government subsidies for doing it.
Don't get me wrong I am not opposed to emergency disaster relief for those in immediate need. But that is something different.
@David777 you put forward some good ideas. One real problem are some of the older homes, not built to current hurricane standards, and often occupied by older retired fixed income folks. Many of the trailer parks are good examples. Never should have been built but figuring out what to do for those people now isn't going to be easy. I fear we will just wait for the next one and deal poorly with it then. That's what we have been doing for years.