I’ve read about it being a significant issue in areas where there are limited resources.
That makes sense. Sacramento doesn't have limited resources, and Sacramento County, which is huge, has countless free and low-cost clinics.
This year, I could not find a private dentist here in Sac who could see me within 6 months of the date I called with a tooth emergency...an abscess. Two of them were booked-up for 9 months. All of them had only one orthodontist, and that's what I needed. I finally relented and went to a clinic. They didn't have an orthodontist at all, so I had to settle for an extraction, because this couldn't wait. It was free, but I'd rather have had my tooth repaired and the infection treated.
The only decent doctor I could find is associated with one of our medical universities. Doctors in private practice (here in Sac) are elderly, and won't live forever. The best private practice physicians in Calif can be found in L.A.'s exclusive areas. The ones in San Fransisco are leaving and retiring.
When I was a working man, I had no trouble finding very good private practice physicians and pediatricians. And when I didn't have insurance, and paid in cash, I always got a customary 20% discount.
I agree, doctors are expensive. But by the time they earn their PhD, they have either paid hundreds of thousands of dollars for their education, or they're hundreds of thousands of dollars in debt. And, unlike, say, a nurse, their expertise is uncommon and their knowledge extensive. You pay more for an expert mechanic than you do for one with only a basic knowledge of certain parts of some engines.
A few decades ago, a specific percentage of hospital revenue (profits) went toward medical research. I believe Mercy hospitals were an exception, but I'm not sure. I've noticed that Mercy hospitals - church and religion-based hospitals - are pretty rare these days. And I've read (and seen) that some-percentage of hospital profit doesn't go toward medical research like it used to. Not since they became businesses rather than strictly places of care, and revenue and profit (gains) became separate things.