The 13 anomalies of 3i/ATLAS that are puzzling scientists.
1. Its retrograde trajectory is aligned to within 5 degrees with the ecliptic plane of our solar system; a likelihood of 0.2%.
2. It displays a sunward jet (anti-tail) that is not an optical illusion from geometric perspective, as with familiar comets. Also unlike familiar comets, its anti-tail is ridiculously long.
3. Its nucleus is probably about a million times more massive than the first interstellar comet we’ve observed, Oumuamua, and a thousand times more massive than the second one, Borisov, while moving faster than both; a likelihood of less than 0.1%.
4. The timing of its arrival will bring it to within tens of millions of kilometers from Mars, Venus and Jupiter, and was not observable from Earth at perihelion; a likelihood of 0.005%.
5. Its gas plume contains much more nickel than iron with a nickel-to-cyanide ratio that is orders of magnitude larger than that of all known comets, including Borisov; a likelihood below 1%.
6. Its gas plume contains only 4% water by mass, a primary constituent of familiar comets.
7. It shows extreme negative polarization, unprecedented for all known comets, including interstellar comets; a likelihood below 1%.
8. It arrived to within 9 degrees from the direction of the Big Ear radio telescope’s “Wow! Signal” received in 1977; a likelihood of 0.6%.
9. Near perihelion, it brightened faster than any known comet and was bluer than the Sun; never previously observed.
10. It exhibits both a sunward tail and an anti-tail, requiring an unreasonably large surface area in order to absorb sufficient sunlight to sublimate sufficient ice to feed the mass flux of both tails simultaneously.
11. Near perihelion, its nearest point to the sun, 3i/ATLAS exhibited non-gravitational acceleration, which should have required massive evaporation of at least 13% of its mass, however, images indicate that the object maintained its integrity and did not break up as it should have.
12. Its tightly-collimated jets (parallel light rays that travel in the same direction with minimal spreading) are maintaining their orientation across a million kilometers in multiple directions relative to the Sun despite the object’s measured rotation.
In other words, several jets of dust and water are shooting straight out from 3i-ATLAS in all directions, and maintain their positions and arrow-straight trajectories despite the object rotating.
13. All comets we have observed contain hydroxyl (O) and cynogen (CN). 3i/ATLAS contains neither, but it is emitting the xray signatures that require the presence of O and CN.
So, it’s probably incorrect to categorize 3i-ATLAS as a comet, but clearly, it isn’t a typical asteroid.
Japan’s Osiris Rex mission proved asteroids carry what scientists labeled “the seeds of life”; RNA, components of DNA, amino acids, and sugar. Since we're not certain what it is, scientists are now wondering if 3i/ATLAS carries “seeds of life” from a planetary system that is billions of years older than ours; the organic materials that are the basic building blocks of life far outside our galaxy; life we may be completely unfamiliar with; alien life.