I had never heard of this phenomenon until I saw this picture yesterday. Apparently 'fogbows' are created by colourless water droplets creating a fog rainbow.
I see snow on the ground and assume it was very cold where the photo was taken. I believe that is a form of sun dog. I had never seen one until I moved to Minnesota. They usually appear on extremely cold days. They appear in all kind of shapes and are caused by ice crystals interacting with light.