Then, there is the elephant in the room that all want to overlook. Growing up in a slum, I saw this first hand. Sorry if facts offend people.
Empirical data from FBI/BJS show the early-1990s violent crime peak was disproportionately driven by elevated rates among Black Americans (especially young males in urban areas), who comprised a majority of homicide and robbery offenders despite being a small share of the population.
Well I didn't grow up in a slum..just the opposite actually, but my father did.. and my grandparents lived in the slums all their lives and some of my aunts and cousins . When we visitied most weekends we played in the slum back courts, with the stink of rotten food from the middens all pervading..
We kids in our best visiting clothes playing with kids whose clothes barely held up with holes...
we didn't care, we just played... with anyone who wanted to play with us..
this photograph below was the actual tenement block where my grandfather lived... this was the late 60's and they were just getting ready to demolish them...gtrandad moved out and was rehoused and died within 2 years ..his flat which was the only one that had an indoor toilet... was on the ground floor... All the rest of the flat had to share on toilet on each laning..some of these flats had 8 people living in 2 rooms.. and there was 3 flats on each floor.. all sharing a single toilet.. horrible..
This was not the 1900's this was the 1960's and 70's.. and some places were still like it in the 90's
This was inside a typical flat... ( not my grandads' flat, which was decent).. but the people who lived in many of them were unemployed or very poor... many turned to drink and spent much of the little money they had on alcohol, and the women were on anti-depressants.. not at all surprising... trying to scrape together enough money for food for the children, mostly without success. Flats were freezing cold, there was only one means of heating and that was a coal fire, and many people didn't have money to buy coal... so they would burn what they could find among the middens
My grandmother lived in yet a different set of slum tenements, in a different part of the city... on that side.. people altho' poor were mostly proud of the little they had and kept everything as neat as they could....
I could write a book about slum Tenements... and the people who lived in them...