Some states have a lower min wage for tipped staff.
As of late in 2023...
Minimum wage in Calif is $16/hr across the board. Tipped employees enter the nearest estimate of their total tips for the entire year on their tipped-employee tax form. This amount can't be audited, proven, or dis-proven, so tipped employees are basically on an honor system.
The annual tip amount entered on that form is taxed at a lower rate than the worker's annual earned amount.
Some Calif restaurants hold all wait staff tips until the end of each shift, and distribute the total among that shift's wait staff, hosts, and support staff such as cooks, dishwashers, veggie-choppers, etc. It varies slightly, but usually about 80% is distributed equally among the wait staff and hosts, and 20% is divvied up to the support staff.
That shift tip total includes tips recorded on customer receipts, and some restaurants (but not all) also *require* wait staff to put their cash tips into a jar (or drawer or lock-box) so that it can be divvied up as well. Obviously, some wait staff don't put all their tips in the pot, but whatever...nobody gripes about that.
Most restaurants give a quarterly or semi-annual bonus to support staff instead of giving them a cut of the wait staff's tips, whether the tips are recorded or not.
My DIL waited tables at a few different Calif restaurants for a couple decades. Her tips were usually $150 to $300 per shift, depending on whether it was a Tuesday evening, a Sunday morning, or a Friday night. She worked full-time, so that averages out to about $1,000 in tips for a 5-shift week.
So, she kept track of how many shifts she worked the year she was filing for. If she worked 40 shifts that year, she entered $40K for the total tips amount on her tipped-worker tax form.