I have an hypothesis. The thyroid is the master rheostat that controls your metabolism. Myriad metabolic processes go on all the time. Most have their own internal regulators - for example: glucose/insulin. Overall, the thyroid controls how 'fast' (aka catabolic) or how 'slow' (aka anabolic) the metabolism operates. There is a range of 'normal' activity from relatively more catabolic at one end to relatively more anabolic at the other.
For example, again, my dad was a healthy, vigorous young man until hyperthoidism developed. His metabolism shifted so far into the catabolic state that he could not eat fast enough to prevent literal starvation. He ate voraciously while slowly starving to death. After his thyroid was nuked he experienced the exact opposite. Very little of what he consumed was utilized for energy, most was stored - as fat, not healthy lean mass like muscle and bone.
My dad was not a masochist nor suicidal. When hyper he did not want to starve - he wanted to live and be healthy. When hypo he did not want to be obese or diabetic. He did not do this to himself by eating at Cracker Barrel or Chucky Cheese. He wanted to live a normal life not carry around 2-300 pounds of flab everywhere, every day. He did not want to take diabetes medication for half his life. He did not want to have his first heart attack at the age of 63. He did not want to have 4 bypass surgeries. He was eating the standard North American diet and a lot less of it than most. And it was the worst diet he could have been prescribed. He really believed that calories in and calories out worked and never understood why it didn't for him.
Take myself as a second example. I did not get hyperthyroid, but I inherited the next best thing - my healthy thyroid ran my metabolism at the catabolic end of the 'normal range'. All my life I ate the standard North American diet yet I maintained healthy overall weight and body fat composition. That included decades eating seed oils and margarine. That included 30 years brewing my own beer and drinking half a liter or more daily. At the catabolic end of the normal range, my metabolism was oriented to utilize energy, not store it. I think as a result I did not suffer the common consequences - not obese, not diabetic, no CVD or any related metabolic disease.
My dad was an extreme example of folks at the anabolic end of that range. Metabolism at the anabolic end of the range is oriented to store energy, not use it. A diet like the standard North American keeps insulin elevated virtually 24/7/365. The job of insulin is to remove glucose from the bloodstream. Some of which will get moved into muscle cells where it will be used as energy or stored as glycogen, but most will get stored in fat cells where it gets converted to fat. The liver will also make additional fat to use up whatever excess glucose is floating around. So combine a high carb - insulin on 24/7 mode - high PUFAs - that interfere with mitochondria doing their job efficiently - with a metabolism drifting along at the anabolic end of the range. That's a recipe for obesity. And a host of related metabolic disorder.
I think human metabolism evolved to maintain homeostasis. A healthy metabolism lets us know when it needs energy and when it's got enough, when we require additional necessary nutrients and when we don't. A healthy body in overall energy balance is the result of a healthy metabolism - so I think the whole 'energy balance' obesity hypothesis is ass backwards. I think if this were not true, our species and its predecessor species would have gone extinct long ago. We would not have lasted during millions of years of the paleolithic if obesity, diabetes and CVD were common as they are now. And I think we won't last much longer unless we address these problems intelligently. I think the adoption of agriculture after the onset of the Holocene and the gradual shift towards higher and higher carb eating and away from animal eating was the start of a human disaster - made worse by an order of magnitude now by consumption of industrial seed oils. I think it's an extinction level event. And should be addressed as such.
Just my opinions, of course.
