Today in History

15th March

1672 King Charles II enacted the 'Declaration of Indulgence', a first step at establishing freedom of religion in England to Protestant nonconformists and Roman Catholics. It suspended the laws that punished those who did not attend the services of the Church of England.

1824 Building work started on the London Bridge designed by John Rennie.

1891 Death of Sir Joseph Bazalgette, surveyor for the Metropolitan Commission of Sewers. Following the Great Stink of 1858, Bazalgette was employed to mastermind a sewer network for central London. The system proved instrumental in relieving the city from cholera epidemics and cleaning the River Thames.

1949 Clothes rationing, which had been introduced during the 2n World War, was ended.

1983 A letter bomb sent to the Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, was defused by explosives experts.
 

1907
Finland became the 1st country to give women the right to vote
1951
UN forces recapture Seoul,4th&final time the city changed hands in Korean War
1985
The 1st internet domain name,symbolics.com is registered
2019
"The Vessel',a honeycomb viewing structure designed by Thomas Heatherwick opens at the Hudson Yards development in New York City
 
This day in History March 16th

1915 - U.S.A. Federal Trade Commission
The Federal Trade Commission was organized following the Federal Trade Commission Act in 1914. Its principal mission is the promotion of "consumer protection" and the elimination and prevention of what regulators perceive to be "anti-competitive" business practices, one of it's roles is to enforce antitrust laws.

1926 - U.S.A. First Rocket Launch
The US professor and scientist Robert Hutchings Goddard, Ph.D. launches the world's first liquid-fueled rocket.

1930 - Spain Premier De Rivera
Respects were paid to Premier De Rivera who had passed away today in Spain. He was the one who was responsible for the founding of the Spanish Patriotic Union.

1935 - Germany Treaty of Versailles
Adolf Hitler violates the Treaty of Versailles by introducing compulsory military conscription in Germany and rebuilding German armed forces. This included a new Navy (Kriegsmarine), the first full armored divisions (Panzerwaffe) and an Air Force (Luftwaffe).

1945 - Iwo Jima Allies Declare Secure
The island of Iwo Jima in the Pacific Ocean is declared secure by Allied Commanders, but on the night of March 25th a 300-man Japanese force launched a final counterattack in the vicinity of Airfield Number 2 leaving more than 100 US Forces killed and another 200 wounded. Iwo Jima was a difficult battle for the allies as the Japanese fought to the last man and of over 21,000 Japanese soldiers who were entrenched on the island, 20,703 died either from fighting or by ritual suicide.
 

16th March

1190 The Crusaders massacred 150 Jews at Clifford's Tower, York, following a wave of attacks against Jews that had moved north from London to Stamford, Lincoln, King's Lynn, Colchester and Bury St Edmunds, before culminatinig in the bloodiest atrocity of them all in York. Some Jews committed mass suicide rather than submit to baptism and they set the castle on fire to prevent their bodies being mutilated after their deaths.

1774 The birth of Matthew Flinders, English explorer who circumnavigated Australia. The Flinders River in Queensland and the Flinders Range in South Australia are named after him.

1935 The first driving test pass slip was presented to Mr R. Beene of Kensington, a pupil of the British School of Motoring. Tests were introduced on a voluntary basis and became compulsory in June.

1942 The first German V-2 rocket launch. It exploded at lift off but eventually over 3,000 V-2s were launched as military rockets by the Germans against Allied targets during the war, mostly London and later Antwerp. The attacks resulted in the death of an estimated 7,000 + military personnel and civilians, whilst 12,000 forced labourers were killed producing the weapons.
 
1802
The 1st U.S. Military Academy at West Point was established through a Congressional Act. The Academy opened on July 4th
1950
The 1st National Book Awards which is annual literary award were handed out in NYC.The categories include,fiction,non fiction,poetry.The winners were:
The Man With the Golden Arm- Nelson Algren-fiction
Life of Ralph Waldo Emerson- Ralph Rusk-non fiction
Patterson Book3- William Carlos Williams-poetry
1969
musical '1776' debuts on Broadway runs for 1,217 performances,its about the events leading up to the signing of Declaration of Independence.The movie version'72 had most of the Broadway cast William Daniels"John Adams',Ken Howard'Thomas Jefferson',Howard da Silvia'Ben Franklin' Virgina Vestoff'Abigail Adams'
2019
a beach whale found in Mabini,Phillipines had 88 pounds of plastic inside it,40lbs of it were plastic bags
 
This day in History March 17th

1905 - U.S.A. Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin D. Roosevelt marries his distant cousin, Eleanor Roosevelt, in New York City. The wedding was attended by President Theodore Roosevelt, FDR's fifth cousin, who gave his niece away.

1909 - Taiwan Earthquake
A powerful earthquake and aftershocks rock Taiwan, killing over 1,200 people.

1920 - U.S.A. Blizzard
A harsh blizzard had caused serious damage in Bismark, North Dakota, and temperatures had dropped dramatically. During this storm, an 18-year girl old had taken her jacket and covered her brother and sister with it. In the process, Hazel Minor (the 18-year-old) had lost her life. However, the lives of her younger siblings were saved. They all had laid in a snowdrift for 24 hours before being discovered.

1931 - U.S.A. Nevada Legalizes Gambling
Nevada Senate voted to legalize all forms of gambling in the state providing the impetus for the growth of Las Vegas.

1938 - Spain Bombing
Nine air raids total took place in Spain. About 300 lives were reported lost as a result of this attack, which took place in the city of Barcelona. One of the bombs was dropped near the U.S. Embassy, which Francisco Franco’s troops were responsible for.
 
1776
11,000 British troops along with thousands of loyalists were forced to leave Boston,Mass during American War of Independence.They fled by ship and relocated to safety in Halifax,Nova Scotia
1845
rubber band was patented by Stephen Parry in London
1943
Dr Willem Kolff performs the world's 1st hemodialysis using his artifical kidney machine.The experiment was unsuccessful,patient died in Netherlands
1969
Golda Meir becomes Israel's 4th Prime minister,was the 1st and only female to do so
 
17th March

1649 Oliver Cromwell abolished the position of King of England and the House of Lords and declared England a Commonwealth.

1891 SS Utopia collided with HMS Anson (a pre-dreadnought battleship of the Royal Navy) in the Bay of Gilbraltar and sank in less than 20 minutes, killing 562 of the 888 passengers on board.

1899 The first ever radio distress call was sent, summoning assistance to a merchant ship aground on the Goodwin Sands, Kent.

1968 More than 200 people were arrested after demonstrators clashed in an anti-Vietnam war protest outside the US embassy in London.

2015 The UK's first Bio-Bus, nicknamed 'the poo bus' was officially launched in Bristol as Service Number 2. Powered entirely on gas generated by human and food waste.:poop:
 
This day in History March 18th

1920 - U.S.A. Child Labor Laws
Child labor laws of Georgia were highly debated. It was proposed by one state representative that forbade children less than twelve years of age to work. Similarly, it was proposed that children under fourteen should not be able to work without parent or guardian’s signed permission.

1925-A giant tornado, struck Missouri, Illinois and Indiana during the mid-afternoon killing hundreds often referred to as the tri-state tornadoes.

1937 - U.S.A. Gas Explosion
A gas explosion at a school in New London, Texas, killed more than 400 people, most of them children.

1965 - First Man to walk in space
A Soviet cosmonaut known as Lt. Col. Alexei Leonov exited the spacecraft Voskshod II for a short “spin”. He completed a somersault, and then proceeded to take pictures of space. This took place just days before the U.S. planned to launch its first two-man spaceship and becomes the first man to walk in space.

1967 - England Torrey Canyon
The tanker "Torrey Canyon" runs aground on rocks between Land's End and the Scilly Isles and is leaking its cargo of 100,000 tons of crude oil into the sea. The oil did get to beaches in Cornwall and the Normandy coast of France causing major environmental damage with over 20,000 sea birds contaminated.
 
18th March

1834 Six farm labourers from Tolpuddle, Dorst were sentenced to be transported to Australia for seven year for forming the first trade union and introducing collective bargaining for better wages. There was such an outcry that they were pardoned two years after sentencing and allowed to return to England. The annual Toluddle Martyrs' festival is held in the village of Tolpuddle in the third weekend of July. Each year a wreath is laid at the grave of James Hammett, one of the martyrs.

1891 The London to Paris telephone link came into operation.

1922 Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi was jailed for six years by the British authorities for encouraging public disorder. He was released in February 1924 for an appendix operation having served only 2 years of his sentence.

1947 Prince Philip, (born in Corfu - Greece) became a naturalised Briton.
 
1852
Henry Wells&William Fargo along with several investors start Wells Fargo&Company as an overland shipping and banking business.After the discovery of gold in Calif in 1848 it spurred the need for cross country shipping
1881
PT Barnum&James Anthony Bailey debut their travelling circus'Barnum&Bailey's Circus" in NYC.It would last 146 yrs until it closed in 2017
1965
Cosmonaut Alexey Leenov leaves his spacecraft'Voskhod 2' for a 12 min space walk.He became the 1st person to walk in space
 
This day in History March 19th

1916 - U.S.A. First Use Of Air Combat
The first use of air combat by the US when Eight Curtiss "Jenny" planes of the First Aero Squadron are used in support for the 7,000 U.S. troops who invaded Mexico to capture Mexican revolutionary Pancho Villa.

1920 - U.S.A. Treaty of Versailles
The senate voted to refused to ratify the treaty of Versailles that would end the nations war status.

1921 - Argentina Wheat Export Tax
It was revealed that Buenos Aires would not add on a new wheat export tax. It was said that uncertainty of this decision had cause the wheat industry to be unstable for a period of time.

1931 - U.S.A. Gambling
The Nevada state legislature votes to legalize gambling hoping to bring much needed money to the state in the worst of the depression years.

1932 - Australia Sydney Harbor Bridge Opens
The Sydney Harbour Bridge the fourth-longest spanning-arch bridge in the world across Sydney Harbour officially opened. The bridge was designed to carry road traffic, railway traffic and a footpath on each side.
 
1863
The Confederate Cruiser'SS Georgiana' was destroyed on her maiden voyage with cargo of muntions,medicines valued as $1,000,000.The wreck was discovered in 1965 by teenage diver, E Lee Spence who became a pioneer underwater archeologist
1918
US Congress authorizes time zones & approved of Daylight Savings Time
1975
Pennsylvania becomes 1st state to allow girls to compete with boys in high school sports
2003
airstrikes led by U.S.& British led coalition begins the invasion of Iraq without United Nations support and defiance of world opinion
 
This day in History March 20th

1922 - US All Homes Must Have Mail Boxes
The US Postmaster General ( Hubert Work ) ordered all homes to get mailboxes or relinquish delivery of mail.

1933 - Italy New Peace Plan
A new plan for peace was being discussed between various European countries. This plan was being facilitated by leaders such as Premiers Benito Mussolini of Italy and Premier Ramsey Mac Donald of Great Britain.

1945 - World War II Mandalay
The Japanese capture Mandalay in May 1942, and British troops liberate Mandalay, Burma from the Japanese.

1990 - Namibia Independence
Namibia gains independence ending 75 years of South African rule.

1995 - Japan Sarin Gas Terrorist Attack
Five two man terrorist teams from the Aum Shinrikyo religious (doomsday cult), riding on separate subway trains, converge at the Kasumigaseki station and secretly release lethal sarin gas into the air causing the death of Twelve people, and a further 5,500 treated in hospitals.
 
1800
Alessandro Volta reports his discovery of electric battery in a letter to the president of Royal Society of London
1930
U.S. fast food chain'KFC'{Kentucky Fried Chicken} is founded by businessman/restaurateur,Col Harland Sanders in North Corbin,Kentucky
1987
FDA approves sale of drug AZT for AIDS treatment
2016
Pres. Barack O'Bama becomes the 1st U.S. President to visit Cuba since 1928,was there for 3 days
 
20th March

1413 The death of Henry IV of England. It partly fulfilled a prophecy saying that he would die in Jerusalem. He dies in Westminster Abbey's Jerusalem Chamber.

1616 Sir Walter Raleigh was freed from the Tower of London after 13 years of imprisonment to conduct a second expedition to Venezuela in search of El Dorado. On Raleigh's return, the outraged Spanish ambassador successfully demanded that Kind James reinstate Raleigh's death sentence.

1974 An attempt was made to kidnap Princess Anne in the Mall by a gunman who fired six shots, then tried to drag her out of the car. He feld as passers by joined her bodyguard and police to foil the attempt and was later caught.

2020 UK schools were shut from the end of afternoon school until further notice, as a response to the coronavirus pandemic.
 
This day in History March 21st

1921 - England New Irish Parliament
It was announced that a new Irish Parliament would be forming. The first Irish parliament meeting was scheduled for June 21st of this year.

1928 - U.S.A. Charles A. Lindbergh
President Coolidge presented Col. Charles A. Lindbergh with the Congressional Medal of Honor.

1933 - British Spies In Russia
Tension between Russian and Great Britain was at an all-time high. The major conflict between these two nations was expected to influence the verdict of spy charges filed against four British citizens.

1945 - U.S.A. Allied Bombers Germany
Allied bombers began four days of heavy raids over Germany as an exercise to soften German resistance prior to allies taking Berlin later in the year.

1981 - England Charles / Diana Wedding
A procession was planned for the Prince Charles and Princess Diana wedding. Standing room spaces along this parade route were being offered from 90 pounds ($200.00) each on up. These spaces were being sold by offices located in prime spots offering spectacular view of this day’s festivities.
 
1946 Labour politician Aneurin Bevan announced the Government's proposals for a free National Health Service, paid for by the taxpayer.

1990 A demonstration in London against the poll tax became a riot. More than 400 people were arrested.

1991 The government announced plans for a new property tax in place of the controversial poll tax.

2020 Day one of the closure of all UK's cafes, pubs and restaurants (except for take away food) in an effort to combat coronavirus. All nightclubs, betting shops, casinos, theatres, cinemas, gyms and leisure centres were also told to close as soon as they reasonably could.
 
1945
during WWII allied bombers begin 4 day raid over Germany
1963
Alcatraz,a U.S. federal maxium security prison for the most violent prisoners located in San Francisco Bay closed after 28 yrs.It was too costly to maintain,was incorporated as a National Park opened as a tourist attraction in 1973
1984
part of Central Park in NYC was named'Strawberry Fields' honoring late Beatle,John Lennon
 
This day in History March 22nd

1920 - U.S.A. Treaty of Versailles
An announcement was made regarding Germany’s campaign for the revision of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. This document was intended to officially end the First World War. Germany was unsatisfied with many of the clauses written which involved agreements between it (Germany) and the countries in opposition to German forces during WWI.

1933 - 3.2% Beer And Wine Sales Made Legal
President Roosevelt signed the bill which legalized the sale of 3.2 percent beer and wine.

1956 - U.S.A. Martin Luther King Jr
Martin Luther King Jr. was convicted for violating Alabama's anti-boycott law when he organized a boycott of all city buses in Montgomery.

1970 - U.S.A. Discrimination
In the South Carolina House of Representatives, A motion was made to fight against discrimination. This effort was made to help provide fairness to the Jews and other religious minorities.

1972 - The Equal Rights Amendment
The Equal Rights Amendment which provided for the legal equality of the sexes and prohibit discrimination on the basis of sex was passed by the U.S. Senate and sent to the states for ratification. Additionally, a petition was also made requesting Nixon to ask the Soviet Union to also not discriminate against Jews. The most common form of being treated unfairly was when minorities such as Jews would attempt to participate in cultural and educational activities (particular those of higher education).
 
1765
The Stamp Act passed which was the 1st British tax on American colonists organized by British Prime Minister,George Grenville
1944
actor Jimmy Stewart who became the 1st major U.S. movie star to be inducted into the Army in 1941,flies his 12th combat mission.He lead the bomb wing in an attack over Berlin,Germany
1990
An Anchorage,Alaska jury finds Capt Joseph Hazelwood not guilty of the Exxon Valdez oil spill. The spill took place on March 24th,1989,the ship struck a reef in Prince William Sound,Alaska carrying 53.1 million gallons of crude oil,10.8 spilled into the area. Hazelwood was not at the controls when this happened.Its considered the worst worldwide oil spill ever
 
This day in history March 23rd

1919 Benito Mussolini establishes the Fascist Party in Italy

1956 The Islamic Republic of Pakistan becomes an independent republic

1983 President Ronald Reagan proposes Strategic Defense Initiative

2001 Mir Space Station Ends 15 yrs in space

2010 The House passes the healthcare reform bill and is signed into law by President Obama
 
1775
Patrick Henry gives 'Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death' speech in favor of Virginan troops joining Revoluntary War
1945
U.S. Navy ships bomb Japanese island,Okinawa in advance of Allied invasion
2001
The Russian Mir space station is disposed of,breaks up in the atmosphere before falling in Southern Pacific Ocean near Fiji
 
This day in History March 24th

1900 Work on the New York subway begins

1973 Pink Floyd release the album "Dark Side of the Moon"

1978 The tanker Amoco Cadiz splits in two off the coast of France

1989 The Exxon Valdez, ran aground on a reef and ripped holes in its hull, spilling crude oil into Alaska's Prince William Sound.

1998 Middle School Murders Jonesboro, Arkansas.
 
1765 the British Parliament passed the Quartering Act, one of a series of measures primarily aimed at raising revenue from the British colonies in America. ... The act did require colonial governments to provide and pay for feeding and sheltering any troops stationed in their colony.

1944 World War II: In an event later dramatised in the movie The Great Escape, 76 prisoners began breaking out of Stalag Luft III.

1946 Broadcaster Alistair Cooke read his first 'Letter from America' on BBC radio. His weekly broadcasts continued for more than 50 years.
 

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