Today in History

1913
world's largest Black Women's Soroity,'Delta Sigma Theta' is founded at Howard Univ, Washington,DC
1936
Screen Directors Guild is incorporated in Hollywood, Calif with King Vidor as 1st President The name was later changed to Directors Guild of America. The current President is director, Christopher Nolan
1968
country singer, Johnny Cash performs at Folsom State Prison in Folsom,Calif,recorded for live album release
1994
figure skater Tonya Harding's security guards, Shawn Eckert&Derrick Smith are arrested & charged with conspiracy in attack of Harding's skating rival, Nancy Kerrigan
2012
Italian cruise liner, Costa Concordia runs aground at Isola de Giglio, Italy causing 32 deaths
2024
an article blast affects large parts of U.S. 44 million under weather advisories. Chester, Montana had record low of 54 degrees below zero
 

January 14th
JANUARY 14, 1236
King Henry III of England marries Eleanor of Provence.




JANUARY 14, 1301
King Andrew III died without any male heirs, ending the Árpád dynasty, which had ruled Hungary since the late 9th century.






1784: United States Ratifies Peace Treaty with BritainOn January 14, 1784, the Continental Congress ratified the Treaty of Paris, formally ending the American Revolutionary War and establishing the United States as an independent nation. This treaty, which had been signed in Paris on September 3, 1783, recognized American independence and established borders for the new nation that extended to the Mississippi River. The ratification process involved complex negotiations over territorial claims, fishing rights, and the treatment of Loyalists.






1878 Queen Victoria watched a demonstration of Alexander Graham Bell’s telephone, by W.H. Preece at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight. Preece called it 'Signalling through Space without Wires'.
Also..
On this day in 1878, Alexander Graham Bell demonstrated his revolutionary telephone invention at an exhibition in New Haven, Connecticut, transmitting a message over a two-mile distance.




1896 The first public screening of a film in Britain, at the London headquarters of the Royal Photographic society.





1967: Human Be-In in San FranciscoThe “Human Be-In” gathering took place on this day in San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park, bringing together approximately 30,000 people in what became a pivotal moment for the counterculture movement. The event featured prominent figures like Timothy Leary, Allen Ginsberg, and Gary Snyder, along with musical performances from bands including the Grateful Dead and Jefferson Airplane. This “Gathering of the Tribes” promoted peace, love, and psychedelic consciousness, serving as a precursor to the Summer of Love that would define San Francisco later that year
 
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January 15th

1460 January Raid on Sandwich
On 15th January 1460 Yorkist forces commanded by John Dynham 1st Baron Dynham (age 27) and Richard "Kingmaker" Neville Earl Warwick, 6th Earl Salisbury (age 31) raided Sandwich, Kent capturing a number of Lancastrian ships.

In addition, the Woodville family: Richard Woodville 1st Earl Rivers (age 55), his wife Jacquetta of Luxemburg Duchess Bedford (age 45) and their son Anthony Woodville 2nd Earl Rivers (age 20) were captured.





1559 – Elizabeth I is crowned Queen of England in Westminster Abbey, London

Elizabeth I’s coronation marked the beginning of the Elizabethan Era, known for its flourishing English drama, led by playwrights such as William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe, and the successful defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588.
…
Pepys

Sunday 15 January 1659/60
Having been exceedingly disturbed in the night with the barking of a dog of one of our neighbours that I could not sleep for an hour or two, I slept late, and then in the morning took physic, and so staid within all day.

At noon my brother John came to me, and I corrected as well as I could his Greek speech to say the Apposition, though I believe he himself was as well able to do it as myself. After that we went to read in the great Officiale about the blessing of bells in the Church of Rome.

After that my wife and I in pleasant discourse till night, then I went to supper, and after that to make an end of this week’s notes in this book, and so to bed.

It being a cold day and a great snow my physic did not work so well as it should have done.
NB-Physic =laxative.
…..

1867 www.beautifulbritain.co.uk Crowds flocked onto the frozen surface of the lake in London’s Regent's Park during a severe frost. The ice broke, and 40 people died.



1922 Irish Free State established: On January 15, 1922, the Irish Free State was officially established, marking the culmination of Ireland's struggle for independence from British rule. This new dominion comprised 26 of Ireland's 32 counties.


1927 www.beautifulbritain.co.uk BBC radio broadcast the first live commentary of a rugby match. Captain Teddy Wakelam narrated the match at Twickenham, between Wales and England.



1967
The first Super Bowl is played in Los Angeles. The Green Bay Packers defeat the Kansas City Chiefs 35-10.


15 Jan 1967 music
The Rolling Stones were forced to change the lyrics of 'Lets Spend the Night Together to Let’s Spend Some Time Together when appearing on the US TV The Ed Sullivan Show, after the producers objected to the content of the lyrics.

Jagger ostentatiously rolled his eyes at the TV camera while singing the changed lyrics, resulting in host Ed Sullivan announcing that The Rolling Stones would be banned from performing on his show ever again.

Trying to find the video.
 
1844
Univ of Notre Dame receives its charter in South Bend, Indiana
1861
inventor, Elias Otis patents steam elevator
1943
world's largest office building,the Pentagon is completed to house U. S. Military
1967
Super Bowl 1 from Los Angles Coliseum Green Bay Packers defeat Kansas City Chiefs, 35-10. MVP Green Bay QB, Bart Starr
1981
acclaimed police drama' Hill St Blues' debuts on NBC, over its 7 yr run won 26 Emmys. In the 1st season won 8 Emmys, from '81-'84 won 4 consecutive Best Drama Emmy
2009
U.S. Air pilot, Chesley'Sully' Sullenberg lands plane on the Hudson River, shortly after takeoff from La Guardia Airport in NYC. All passengers& crew survived became known as' Miracle on the Hudson'
 
January 16th
1547 Ivan IV of Russia aka Ivan the Terrible becomes Tsar named Czar of Russia.


1556Philip II of Spain known as Philip II becomes King of Spain

1572( some sources say 1573) Thomas Howard, the Fourth Duke of Norfolk and second cousin of Queen Elizabeth I was tried for treason for his part in the Ridolfi plot to assassinate the Queen, replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots and restore Catholicism in England. The plot was hatched and planned by Roberto di Ridolfi, an international banker who was able to travel and gather support without attracting too much suspicion. Norfolk was later executed at the Tower of London for his involvement but Ridolfi lived out his life in Florence until his death in 1612.



1581The English Parliament outlawed Roman Catholicism.

1769One of the worst riots in theatre history occurred at the Haymarket Theatre, London. Crowds had packed out the venue to see a conjuror who claimed he would get himself into a quart tavern bottle. The conjuror never arrived, and the crowd erupted.

1908The first issue of the magazine Scouting for Boys: A Handbook for Instruction in Good Citizenship; the first book on the Scout Movement. It was written and illustrated by Robert Baden-Powell, its founder. It is reputedly the fourth best selling book of the 20th century, estimated at 100 to 150 million copies, in 87 languages.



1950Listen With Mother began on radio with the words "Hello children. Are you sitting comfortably? Then I'll begin". When the series ended in 1982 there was a national outcry
( if I remember correctly it was on immediately before or after the lunchtime broadcast of the Archers)





1965 - The first Guess Who album, Shakin' All Over, was released.



1970 - John Lennon's London Art gallery exhibit of erotic lithographs, Bag One, was closed by Scotland Yard and eight prints were confiscated as evidence of pornography.
 
January 17th1524 – Giovanni da Verrazzano sets sail westward from Madeira to find a sea route to the Pacific Ocean, leading to the discovery of New York HarborGiovanni da Verrazzano, an Italian explorer sailing under the French flag, embarked on a voyage to discover a sea route to the Pacific Ocean that would facilitate trade with the East.



Though he did not achieve this goal, his journey led to the first documented European exploration of the Atlantic coast of North America between the Carolinas and Newfoundland, including New York Bay and Narragansett Bay.



This exploration was significant for the
detailed mapping and description of the American coastline, contributing to future voyages and the eventual European colonization of the Americas.

1773 – Captain James Cook and his crew become the first Europeans to sail below the Antarctic CircleOn his second voyage of exploration in the Resolution, Captain James Cook crossed the Antarctic Circle, becoming the first recorded European to do so. While Cook did not sight the Antarctic continent itself, his voyages contributed significantly to the understanding of the Southern Hemisphere’s geography.



The Blizzard of 1881 (17th–18th January 1881) was one of the most severe blizzards ever to hit Wales. At least five people froze to death and all transport and industry came to a standstill.
A low-pressure system rapidly developed in the English Channel, causing snowfalls and as the system deepened and moved through the Channel, gale force easterly winds caused blizzards and drifts of snow, tens of feet high.




1912 Captain Robert Falcon Scott reached the South Pole, only to find that the Norwegian Roald Amundsen had beaten him by one month.

17 Jan 1967
The Jimi Hendrix Experience recorded a session for Radio Luxembourg's Ready Steady Radio. The band ran up a bar bill of £2.5 shillings, ($6.21), which they were unable to pay.

17 Jan 1967
The Daily Mail ran the story about a local council survey finding 4,000 holes in the road in Lancashire inspiring John Lennon contribution to The Beatles song 'A Day In The Life' . Under the headline "The holes in our roads", the brief stated: "There are 4,000 holes in the road in Blackburn, Lancashire, or one twenty-sixth of a hole per person, according to a council survey. If Blackburn is typical, there are two million holes in Britain's roads and 300,000 in London." Lennon had a problem with the words of the final verse, however, not being able to think of how to connect "Now they know how many holes it takes to" and "the Albert Hall". His friend Terry Doran suggested that the holes would "fill" the Albert Hall, and the lyric was eventually used.
 
January 18th

1486 www.beautifulbritain.co.uk After 30 years of civil war the Royal Houses of Lancaster and York were united by the marriage of Henry VII to Elizabeth of York, the eldest daughter of Edward IV.




1670 www.beautifulbritain.co.uk Henry Morgan 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿captured Panama. Morgan was a privateer who made a name for himself during activities in the Caribbean, primarily raiding Spanish settlements. The privateers were private people or ships, authorized by a government to attack foreign shipping during wartime. It was a way of mobilizing armed ships and sailors without having to spend public money or commit naval officers. Morgan was one of the most notorious and successful privateers of all time, and one of the most ruthless.





On 18th January 1884, Dr William Price was arrested for attempting to cremate his dead baby son, Iesu Grist at Llantrisant. he was later tried at Cardiff Assizes but acquitted on the grounds that cremation was not contrary to law, he was, therefore, able to carry out the ceremony on 14th March.






1914 Adolf Hitler, who had registered as a stateless person in order to aviod military service in Austria-Hungary, was arrested by a München (Munich) police official and taken to the Austrian Consulate, from where he was deported to Salzburg in Austria to enter the army.





1934 www.beautifulbritain.co.uk The first arrest was made in Britain as a result of issuing pocket radios to police. A Brighton shoplifter was arrested just 15 minutes after stealing three coats.





1969 - ClassicBands.com

January 18
Pete Best, the drummer that The Beatles kicked out of the group in favor of Ringo Starr, wins a defamation suit against John, Paul and George. He had sought 8 million dollars, but won a considerably less, though undisclosed amount.
 
January 19th1649 The Puritan parliament began the trial of Charles I for treason. Charles refused to plead, saying that he did not recognise the legality of the High Court.



1661 Thomas Venner was hanged, drawn and quartered in London. Venner was a cooper by trade but also a rebel, the last leader of the Fifth Monarchy Men, who had tried, unsuccessfully, to overthrow Oliver Cromwell. He subsequently led a coup in London against the newly-restored government of Charles II. The coup lasted lasted four days before the Royal authorities captured the rebels.









· …
The siege of Holt Castle ended on 19th January 1647.
Holt Castle, 4 miles northeast of Wrexham is strategically situated on the west bank of the River Dee, where it forms the Welsh–English border.


Construction of the castle was started by Edward I soon after his invasion of North Wales in 1277. In 1282, following his conquest of Wales, Edward gave the castle and surrounding land to John de Warrene, Earl of Surrey, who by 1311 had finished the construction of the castle and established a town for English settlers next to it. In 1400 the town of Holt was burned down by the forces of Owain Glyndŵr during his uprising against the rule of Henry IV, although the castle was not taken.



At the beginning of the English Civil War, Holt was held by the Royalists. It was captured by the Parliamentarians in 1643 but retaken by the Royalists the following year with thirteen of the Parliamentarian garrison executed and their bodies thrown into the moat. On 19th January 1647, after a siege that lasted for nine months, the Parliamentarians regained the castle and it was slighted later that year.


Much of the stone from the ruined Holt Castle was barged down the River Dee by Sir Thomas Grosvenor, son in law of Thomas Myddelton of Chirk Castle, Sergeant Major General of the Parliamentary forces in North Wales to construct Eaton Hall, near Chester, between 1675 and 1683.
……


On Jan. 19, 1937, Howard Hughes set a new transcontinental speed record in his H-1 Racer aircraft, flying from Los Angeles to Newark, New Jersey, in seven hours, 28 minutes and 25 seconds.
……

1963 - ClassicBands.com

January 19
The Beatles made their first national UK television appearance on ITV's Thank Your Lucky Stars, performing their new single "Please Please Me". They actually taped the show six days earlier.

1966 - ClassicBands.com

January 19
A documentary titled A Boy Called Donovan airs on British TV. The film follows singer Donovan Leitch as he makes music and goes to parties. In one scene, one of his associates is seen smoking marijuana, which at the time was considered shocking. Donovan soon becomes a target for the London drug squad, who make him their first high-profile bust when they arrest him in June for possession of marijuana. The Beatles and The Rolling Stones are later casualties.
 
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1883
1st electric lighting system with overhead wires built by Thomas Edison begins service in Roselle, New jersey
1935
Coopers Inc in Chicago sells the world's 1st men's briefs calling them' Jockey'
1955
Scrabble debuts on board game market, cost was between$2-$5, now between $19-$25
1978
last Volkswaggen Beetle made in Germany leaves VW plant in Emden. The production continues in Latin America until 2003
1994
9th Rock n Roll Hall of Fame inductees include John Lennon, Elton John,Bob Marley, The Band,Rod Stewart
2013
Tour de France cyclist winner, Lance Armstrong admits to doping in all of his 7 victories
 
January 20th

The English Parliament met with common citizens for the first time (1265), convened by the Earl of Leicester, Simon de Montfort.
…..
On 20th January 1288, Rhys ap Maredudd's revolt against Edward I was suppressed when his final stronghold at Newcastle Emlyn castle surrendered, forcing him to go to ground.

Following the death of Rhys's great grandfather, Lord Rhys in 1197, his father ruled over a truncated portion of Deheubarth, known as the Cantref Mawr, which Rhys succeeded to in 1271 and as such considered himself the custodian of Dinefwr castle, the stronghold of Deheubarth.


Rhys's relationship with the Prince of Wales, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, was strained and he, therefore, supported the English crown during Edward I's campaigns in Wales in 1276–77 and 1282–3, which following Llywelyn's death, led to him being bestowed additional lands by Edward.

However, to his extreme disappointment, he was not given Dinefwr castle, which led him to rebel in 1287, capturing the majority of Ystrad Tywi, including the castles at Dinefwr and Carreg Cennen.

The rebellion was put down the following year and Rhys was forced into hiding, being eventually captured in 1291 and executed for treason at York in 1292.
….

1327: King Edward II Is Deposed
King Edward II of England is deposed and replaced with his teenage son, Edward III. The campaign to remove the king from power was led by his own wife, Isabelle, who invaded England in 1326 with the help of Roger Mortimer, possibly her lover. Edward II died less than a year later and the timing of his death has led some historians to speculate that he was murdered.



·
On 20th January 1785, Wrexham born Samuel Ellis bought New York's Oyster Island, which was later named Ellis Island after him.
After his death in 1794, it seems that Ellis's family were not interested in keeping it and it passed into the possession of the government. Between 1892 and 1954 it became the the United State's busiest entry point for millions of immigrants.





1841 Hong Kong Island is occupied by the British



1850 The opening of the Penny Savings Bank, to encourage thrift amongst the poor.



1882 A draper’s shop called Coxon & Company, in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, became the first shop in the world to be lit by incandescent electric light. It used Swan lamps.





January 20
The management of St. Louis radio station KWK had all Rock 'n' Roll music removed from its play list. The disc jockeys gave every Rock 'n' Roll record in the station library a "farewell spin" before smashing it to pieces. The station manager, Robert T. Convey felt that Rock 'n' Roll had dominated the airwaves long enough and called the action "a simple weeding out of undesirable music."
 
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Pepys DiaryFriday 20 January 1664/65
Up and to Westminster, where having spoke with Sir Ph. Warwicke, I to Jervas, and there I find them all in great disorder about Jane, her mistress telling me secretly that she was sworn not to reveal anything, but she was undone.

At last for all her oath she told me that she had made herself sure to a fellow that comes to their house that can only fiddle for his living, and did keep him company, and had plainly told her that she was sure to him never to leave him for any body else.


Now they were this day contriving to get her presently to marry one Hayes that was there, and I did seem to persuade her to it. And at last got them to suffer me to advise privately, and by that means had her company and think I shall meet her next Sunday, but I do really doubt she will be undone in marrying this fellow.

But I did give her my advice, and so let her do her pleasure, so I have now and then her company.

Thence to the Swan at noon, and there sent for a bit of meat and dined, and had my baiser of the fille of the house there, but nothing plus.

So took coach and to my Lady Sandwich’s, and so to my bookseller’s, and there took home Hooke’s book of microscopy, a most excellent piece, and of which I am very proud.

So home, and by and by again abroad with my wife about several businesses, and met at the New Exchange, and there to our trouble found our pretty Doll is gone away to live they say with her father in the country, but I doubt something worse.


So homeward, in my way buying a hare and taking it home, which arose upon my discourse to-day with Mr. Batten, in Westminster Hall, who showed me my mistake that my hare’s foote hath not the joynt to it;

and assures me he never had his cholique since he carried it about him: and it is a strange thing how fancy works, for I no sooner almost handled his foote but my belly began to be loose and to break wind, and whereas I was in some pain yesterday and t’other day and in fear of more to-day, I became very well, and so continue.



At home to my office a while, and so to supper, read, and to cards, and to bed.
 
20th January

1936
www.beautifulbritain.co.uk
George V died and was succeeded by Edward VIII who abdicated 325 days later because of his insistence on marrying American divorcee Wallis Simpson.

1958 Sir Edmund Hillary (from New Zealand) and Sir Vivian Fuchs (from Britain) met at the South Pole as part of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition with Hillary arriving first on January 4th to set up supplies, and Fuchs arriving later on January 20th to complete the first overland crossing of Antarctica.

1961 John F Kennedy was sworn in as the youngest ever elected president of the United States. The 43-year-old Roman Catholic was inaugurated as the 35th president on a snow-covered Capitol Hill in Washington.

1987 The Archbishop of Canterbury's special envoy to Lebanon, Terry Waite, was kidnapped in Beirut whilst attempting to win freedom for Western hostages.

1991 The death of Alfred Wainwright, whose books for walkers did much to popularise the Lake District. His ashes are scattered on Haystacks, Cumbria.
 
1887
U.S. Senate approves naval base lease of Pearl Harbor
1945
Franklin D. Roosevelt sworn in for 4th & never to be repeated term of office,as U. S. President It lasted 82 days when he died of cerebral hemorrage on April 14, 1945
1964
Columbia Records releases in U.S. 'Meet The Beatles' album which was #1 on music charts stayed there for 11 weeks
1980
Pres. Jimmy Carter announces U.S. will boycott the Summer Olympic Games in Moscow due to Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
2008
Frenchman, Francis Joyon becomes the fastest person to sail solo around the world in 57 days,13 hrs, 34 min
 
January 21st

……..
Charles Dickens came twice to Wales to give readings, firstly at Swansea on 4th April 1867 and then at Newport on 21st January 1869. On both occasions, there were huge crowds.

Dickens had visited Anglesey in 1859 as a journalist to the report on the loss of the Royal Charter, which was Britain's worst ever shipwreck and also must have visited Wales during the final years of his life when he went to live in Ross on Wye.


The University of Wales, Swansea was founded by royal charter on 21st January 1920.


·
On 21st January 1940, the lowest ever temperature in Wales, -23.3°C (-9.9°F) was recorded at Rhayader.

source thehistoryofwales
…………


1799Edward Jenner's smallpox vaccination was introduced. His work on vaccination prevented him from continuing with his ordinary medical practice. Supported by his colleagues and the King he petitioned Parliament and was granted £10,000 for his work on vaccination. In 1806 he was granted another £20,000 for his ongoing work in microbiology.


1807Streets in London were first illuminated by gaslight when Pall Mall was lit up.



1846 - The first issue of the "Daily News," edited by Charles Dickens, was published.






1853 - Dr. Russell L. Hawes patented the envelope folding machine.


1941 - The British communist newspaper, the "Daily Worker," was banned due to wartime restrictions.



2014Pub chain JD Wetherspoon opened a new £1m pub, at junction 2 of the M40 in Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire, in spite of fierce criticism from road safety and alcohol campaigners. The Hope and Champion became Britain's first pub ever to be opened at a motorway service area.
…..



1965 - ClassicBands.com

January 21
The Animals had to cancel a show at New York's Apollo Theater after the US Immigration Department forced the group to leave the venue. Their only New York appearance would be on The Ed Sullivan Show.
 
21st January
1827 - The entire Australian continent is claimed as British territory when Major Edmund Lockyer formally annexes the western third at King George Sound. Western Australia.

1887 - Brisbane receives a daily rainfall of 465 millimetres (18.3 inches), a record for any Australian capital city at the time.

1911 - The first Monte Carlo Rally took place.

1954 - The first nuclear-powered submarine was launched. It was named the USS Nautilus.

1960 - A coal mine collapsed in South Africa, killing 435 miners.

1976 - The supersonic passenger airliner, Concorde, began its first commercial flights on January 21, 1976. British Airways flew from London to Bahrain, and Air France flew from Paris to Rio de Janeiro.

2017 - A huge women's march took place in hundreds of cities worldwide. It happened on Donald Trump's first full day as President of the United States. Worldwide participation has been estimated at over seven million.
 
1921
British mystery writer, Agatha Christie's 1st novel' The Mysterious Affair at Styles' is published introducing character, Hercule Poirot
1930
Boston Bruins become the 1st NHL hockey team to score 100 goals in a season with a 5-1 win over the Chicago Blackhawks
1969
a partial shutdown at Lucen, Switzerland nuclear reactor, seriously contaminating the cavern. The plant is sealed and decommissioned
1978
movie' soundtrack'Saturday Night Fever' with songs by Bee Gees, hits #1 on the music charts, stays there for 24 weeks
1999
one of the biggest drug busts in U. S. history, U.S. Coast guard intercepts a Greek owned, freighter on its way to Texas. On board they find 4,300 kg{ 9,300 lbs of cocaine} street value $186 million
2020
world's oldest asteroid impact at 2.2. billion yrs old found in Yarrabubba, Western Australia
 
January 22nd – On this Day in History
871 The Battle of Basing, in the then kingdom of Wessex (now Hampshire) following an invasion of Danes.


The Saxon army, led by King Ethelred, was beaten but, like its predecessors, this was an indecisive battle. Ethelred died in April and was succeeded by Alfred the Great. Much of King Alfred's 28 year reign was taken up with the Danish conflict.

..




…1521 – Emperor Charles V opens the Diet of Worms in Worms, Germany, which addresses Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation The Diet of Worms was an imperial council that was convened to address Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation. It was presided over by Emperor Charles V. Martin Luther was summoned to the Diet to renounce or reaffirm his views on the Catholic Church.




When Luther appeared before the assembly on April 17, he refused to recant his writings. The Diet of Worms led to the Edict of Worms, declaring Luther an outlaw and a heretic and banning his literature. This event was crucial in the Protestant Reformation, which led to the division of Christianity into Protestantism and Catholicism.
….


On 22nd January 1853, six crew members of the Rhyl Lifeboat were drowned when their boat, Gwylan y Mor capsized whilst they were going to the aid of a vessel in distress on the Hoyle Bank off the Dee Estuary. The current Rhyl crew are in the process of organising a permanent memorial to the men who were lost.



Today is the anniversary of the Battle of Rorke's Drift.

The Anglo-Zulu War of 1879, began on January 11th when the British Army, invaded the Zulu kingdom in an attempt to extend British control in South Africa, as it was realised that this could only be achieved when the Zulu's with its standing army of 40,000, had been suppressed.

The first major encounter was the Battle of Isandlwana on January 22nd 1879, where a Zulu force of some 20,000 warriors equipped mainly with the traditional assegai iron spears attacked and overwhelmed a portion of the British army consisting of about 1,800 men and was one of the British army's worst and bloodiest ever defeats.

As the battle drew to a close several Zulu regiments reached the Tugela River chasing the few escaping British and buoyed by their success crossed the Tugela and attempted to capture the British base at the river crossing called Rorke’s Drift and which was manned by a company of approximately 90, mainly Welsh infantrymen, with the entire garrison's strength being around 155.
Source-The History of Wales.
….


1771Port Egmont in the Falkland Islands was ceded to Britain, by the Spanish.




January 22 1977
Peter Green, who had earlier left Fleetwood Mac, was institutionalized after firing a pistol in the general direction of a delivery boy who was attempting to deliver a $30,000 royalty check. Green had renounced Rock and Roll in 1970 and didn't want the money. He later worked as a hospital porter and a gravedigger, but came back in 1979 to record "In the Skies", which reached #32 in the UK.
 
January 23rd



……
courtesy The History of Wales
The Berwyn Mountain Incident.
On 23rd January 1974 there was a reported sighting of a UFO crashing in the Berwyn Mountains in North Wales.

Unusual lights were seen in the sky, followed by a startling shaking of the ground. At first, it was thought that it was an aircraft crashing or a meteorite hitting the earth, but when the police and RAF found nothing and their searches were called the following day, speculation started that it was a UFO that had crashed.

There were further rumours of alien bodies being found and that the area had been cordoned off to prevent the public from seeing the wreckage.


However, subsequent scientific enquiries found that the area had experienced a force 3.5 earthquake, which combined with a reported bright meteor had given the false impression of UFO landing.

………
1849: Elizabeth Blackwell Becomes First Female Doctor in AmericaThis day in history witnessed a groundbreaking moment for women’s rights and medical education when Elizabeth Blackwell received her medical degree from Geneva Medical College in New York. Despite facing overwhelming opposition and ridicule from the medical establishment, Blackwell persevered through her studies, often being barred from practical demonstrations and clinical experience simply because of her gender.
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1856 American sidewheel steamer SS Pacific leaves Liverpool, England on what becomes her final voyage; lost at sea enroute to New York with 186 on board

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1643Sir Thomas Fairfax took Leeds for the Parliamentarians during the English Civil War..
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1963At 7.30 pm in Beirut, the American Eleanor Philby was waiting for her husband Kim, a Middle East correspondent for two London journals, to collect her. Instead, he was on his way to Moscow - ‘the most damaging double agent in British history’.
…….

On January 23, 1922, Leonard Thompson, a 14-year-old diabetic patient, received the first successful insulin injection. This groundbreaking treatment, developed by Frederick Banting and Charles Best, revolutionized diabetes care.
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1973 - ClassicBands.com

January 23
After reading a note that says 'an accord has been reached for peace in Vietnam', Neil Young announces to a Madison Square Garden crowd, "Peace has come.
 
January 24th



41AD: The Roman Emperor Caligula, known for his eccentricity and sadistic despotism, is assassinated by his disgruntled Praetorian Guards who proclaim his uncle Claudius as the new Emperor.


1644 Parliamentary army wins battle of Nantwich, Cheshire, English Civil


1679 King Charles II of England dissolves the Cavalier Parliament.


1848 – The California Gold Rush begins
Some 300,000 people traveled to California after James W. Marshall had found gold at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California.



1972: Japanese Sgt. Shoichi Yokoi is found hiding in a Guam jungle, where he had been since the end of World War II. Upon his return to Japan he is quoted as saying "It is with much embarrassment, but I have returned".



1986 NASA’s Voyager 2 space probe achieved its closest approach to the mysterious planet Uranus. The spacecraft transmitted unprecedented images and data about the ice giant’s atmosphere and moons.Scientists discovered new rings and moons around Uranus during this historic flyby. The mission expanded human understanding of our solar system’s outer planets dramatically.



Music1962: The Beatles sign a five-year management contract with Brian Epstein. The contract stipulates that Epstein is to receive 10-15 % of the band's income. A new contract later in the year would increase Epstein's cut to up to 25%, depending on how much he helped them earn.


1970: Synthesiser pioneer Dr. Robert Moog unveils the portable minimoog, with a selling price of $2,000. But he has opposition from the American Federation of Musicians who fear it may put other musicians out of business. Keith Emerson would become the first musician to tour with a Minimoog during Emerson, Lake & Palmer's Pictures at an Exhibition shows
 
1899
rubber soles for boots/shoes patented by Humphrey O'Sullivan
1935
1st canned beer' Krueger's Cream Ale' is sold by U.S. company, Kreuger Brewing Company
1947
NFL{National Football League} adds 5th official, the back judge.They allow 'sudden death' in playoffs
1984
Apple Computer Inc, unveils MacIntosh personal computer in a TV ad, directed by Ridley Scott during the Super Bowl
2003
U.S. Dept of Homeland Security officially begins operations
2011
British singer/ songwriter, Adele releases her 2nd album '21' which becomes a worldwide hit . She won 7 Grammys inc Album of the Year, Best Pop Vocal, Record& Song of Year. The hit singles 'Rolling In the Deep,Someone like You,Set Fire to the Rain'
 
January 25th


1327 The accession of King Edward III. During his long reign of 50 years (the second longest in medieval England) he transformed the country into one of the most formidable military powers in Europe and saw vital developments in legislation and government, in particular the evolution of the English Parliament.



1533The Bishop of Lichfield secretly married King Henry VIII to Anne Boleyn, the second of Henry's six wives. She had, ten days previously, discovered that she was pregnant.




1554Sir Thomas Wyatt gathered an army of 4000 men in Kent at the start of his rebellion against Queen Mary. His fellow conspirators were timid and inept and he eventually surrendered. He was executed and his body 'quartered' on 11th April.



On 25th January 1559, Humphrey Llwyd, the creator of the Cambriae Typus, the earliest printed map showing only Wales, was elected as MP for East Grinstead for Elizabeth I's first parliament.

Llwyd was born in 1527 at the Foxhall estate in Denbigh and was educated in medicine at Oxford University. He then became the Earl of Arundel's physician before entering into politics.

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1995: Russia is close to launching a nuclear counter-attack after it mistakes a Norwegian research rocket, for an incoming US Trident missile.
Although the Norwegian scientists had notified thirty countries, including Russia, of their intention to launch a high-altitude scientific experiment aboard a rocket, the information was not passed on to Russia radar technicians.





Music1975: AC/DC storm out of the Sunbury Rock Festival in Victoria, Australia after the preceding act Deep Purple deny the band the use of their lights and PA equipment. After the two band's respective roadies fight on stage AC/DC decide to leave without playing.
 
1858
At the wedding of Princess Victoria&Crown Prince of Prussia, Felix Mendelssoh's 'Wedding March' is 1st played
1915
At the Panama-Pacific International Expo, Alexander Graham Bell in NYC calls Thomas Watson in San Francisco
1955
U.S. & Panama sign Canal Treaty
1964
Nike Athletic Company is founded by Univ of Oregon track athlete, Phil Knight& his coach, Bill Bowerman
1981
52 Americans that were held for 444 days by Iran arrive back in the U. S.
2021
Janet Yellen becomes the 1st female Treasury Secretary after being confirmed by U.S. Senate,Her term was from Jan 21st 2021- Jan 20th,2025
 

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