Yes, I believe your first sentence is pretty much what I said, and is ‘generally’ correct.
If we were to take the word ‘theory’ in isolation, then I could make a theory up right now, on many subjects, as we all can. But it wouldn’t necessarily be a ‘scientific theory’.
In my example I was trying to make the point that specifically a ‘scientific theory’ goes beyond that. Scientific theories are supported by a large amount of evidence that have withstood rigorous testing and scrutiny. Including being openly scrutinised by other scientists in other countries independently. And then supported by any separate known ‘facts’. So much so that some scientist might put it across as sounding like 100% factual.
Scientific theories can still be modified however, or even overturned in light of new evidence or a better explanation. This would be a normal and healthy part of the scientific process. And for life in general for that matter.
This in part is why I struggle with religion – and people who want to debate it with me by just simply quoting me scripture, and giving me circular arguments. And see it all as facts in absence of a free thinking mind. I suppose its called 'faith' for a reason?
I don’t want to pick on semantics, but I would say that if there are some physicists, as you point out, saying “Einstein's theory of relativity was recently disproven” as a matter of fact, then I would say that those physicists aren’t physicists/scientist – it would seem to be a strange thing for them to say. I would have thought that if it’s been ‘disproven’ then it would be so significant that it would be headline international news, but it’s not. Then the follow up words, “but it's still debatable” in the same sentance wouldn’t make sence to me either. As for me they are too much of a contradiction to have in the same sentence.
EDIT / Update. I suppose if there is any theory that disproves Einstein's theory of relativity (which one, his general theory or special theory), then that too should/will be subject to scrutiny and debate by people who know the subject much better than I. And based on being tested in order to make accurate predictions that can be repeated. That’s what science is all about after all.