1535 – Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro founds Lima, the capital of Peru.
The history of Lima capital of Peru, began with its foundation by Francisco Pizarro in 1535. In 1532 a group of Spanish conquistadors, led by Francisco Pizarro, defeated the Inca ruler Atahualpa and took over his Empire. As the Spanish Crown had named Pizarro governor of the lands he conquered, he chose the Rímac river valley to found his capital on January 18, 1535 as Ciudad de los Reyes, the City of the Kings.
Pizarro meets with the Inca Emperor Atahualpa, 1532. Pizarro and his followers in Lima in 1535.
Over the next few years, Lima shared the turmoil caused by struggles between different factions of Spaniards. At the same time it gained prestige as it was designated capital of the Viceroyalty of Peru and site of a Real Audiencia (appeals court) in 1543. In the 17th century, the city prospered as the centre of an extensive trade network despite damage from earthquakes and the threat of pirates. However, prosperity came to an end in the 18th century due to an economic downturn and the Bourbon Reforms, a revised set of economic and political legislation promulgated by the Spanish Crown.
Jirón de la Unión was the main street of Lima in the early 20th century.
The population of Lima played an ambivalent role in the 1821–1824 Peruvian War of Independence; the city suffered exactions from Royalist and Patriot armies alike. After independence, Lima became the capital of the Republic of Peru. It enjoyed a short period of prosperity in the mid-19th century until the 1879–1883 War of the Pacific when it was occupied and looted by Chilean troops.
After the war, the city went through a period of demographic expansion and urban renewal. Population growth accelerated in the 1940s spurred by immigration from the Andean regions of Peru. This gave rise to the proliferation of shanty towns as public services failed to keep up with the city expansion.
The National University of San Marcos.
The National University of San Marcos in Lima, founded on May 12, 1551 during the Spanish colonial regime, is the oldest continuously functioning university in the Americas.
With a population of more than 10 million today, Lima is the most populous metropolitan area of Peru and the third-largest city in the Americas, behind Sao Paulo and Mexico City.
Lima today.
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