A big time YES. I was born and have lived in the Phoenix area most of my life. When I was a kid the area had a lot of orange groves, farms and such, especially on the outskirts of the Phoenix area. The population of the metro area was only 500,000.
We had a pool and during the summertime I knew to get out of the pool at 5 pm every night because most nights a summer thunderstorm usually moved through around that time. They would roll in from the higher elevations up in northern Arizona . Sometimes it was only a dust storm but either way most summer evenings had some sort of activity during our "monsoon" season (July-September). Highs above 110 were rare at that time and usually by the end of September things cooled down.
Now there are over 5 million people in the metro area and the citrus groves, farms , and desert are covered with asphalt, office buildings and homes. It is rare to have a summer thunderstorm roll into the valley now. The "monsoon" season is pretty much non existent now. Highs over 110 in the summertime are common and it is much hotter during the night time now. And the temperatures usually don't cool down until around Halloween time now. Call it what you want, urban jungle effect or heat island effect, but the growth has had a huge effect on the weather here, especially in the summertime.