Aussies launch air strikes against ISIS!

Not sure what you mean Debby... but I'm not sitting back and letting my country be bashed or belittled... Not ever.. especially not by "furners" lol!!

Is it not possible and even likely that people in the Middle East (not the rulers and guys who are getting set up as puppet governments but just the citizens) are fed up with being used by America? They got tired of a giant country coming in and making decisions on how their country should be run and who should run it. They got tired of watching that giant country set up dictatorships that only took and took and took from them. (The Shah of Iran comes instantly to mind and Hosni Mobarik of Egypt) They got tired of being the pawns of that giant country and concocted 9/11?

Did you know that the government of Iran before America's man, the Shah, was actually a democratically elected government? Ukraine is another modern day example. That previous government was democratically elected but because the US wants to put NATO military bases on Russia's border, the government that was leaning towards Russia had to go. And the CIA got in there quietly and started to do what they do best (to the tune of $5 billion) which is to destabilize and manipulate and set up horrible people. And then along comes the rest of the administration, all approving (John McCain and Biden both made their visits there and Biden's son is now working within Ukraines largest oil and gas company!) and discounting anything that doesn't go with their agenda and the result is Victoria Nuland famously saying 'f*** the EU'. The whole concept of 'we're only spreading freedom and democracy around the world' is a crock.

I understand that you are protective of your country. But don't be deliberately blind. When your kid is starting to act like a little thug and he's getting into scrapes with the authorities, do you brush it off and blame everybody else or do you call a halt to his activities and get him the help he needs?

One of my daughters had a bad year as a teen. She wasn't doing anything illegal but she was hanging out with a crowd of kids that seemed to be heading that way and covering it up with lying and such. After the final episode which included going down to the police station to look at books and see if she recognized who might have been the guy a friend of hers was claiming had raped her, we took action. We didn't sit around blaming the school, her friends parents, her friends or anyone else. She was responsible for her actions and she lost ALL her friends within a week, because we pulled her out of that school and life as she had known it.....was over. We acted and she changed and she never ever got in trouble again. And the point of this story, which while a very individual and personal one is to show that being blind and blaming the other people/countries is not conducive to improving the situation so that everyone benefits.

As I've said to you before, my government hears from me regularly on issues that are of concern to me and in this case, they've heard from me because of our obvious abandonment of our historical Peace Keeping role.

Just as an aside, here's a link to a page that talks about why the government previous to the Shah was booted. Apparently he wanted to audit the books of the British Petroleum company and when they refused, he tried to nationalize Irans oil fields so Britain and America got rid of him and put in place a military government with the Shah as the defacto monarchy! The page goes on to point out how the CIA has admitted to it's actions in that country.

"...The CIA is quoted acknowledging the coup was carried out "under CIA direction" and "as an act of U.S. foreign policy, conceived and approved at the highest levels of government."[SUP][13]..."[/SUP]


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d'état

By the way, as you read the link provided, think about every other national protest around the world and ask yourself, 'is the CIA there, doing exactly what they did in Iran to overthrow that countries elected and popular Prime Minister in 1953.
 

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Criticism coming from your enemies can be discounted but criticism from your friends should always be considered carefully.
Canadians, Britons and Australians speak boldly to Americans and to each other precisely because we are friends. We do not speak directly to those nations for whom we have no respect.

My country right or wrong is a dangerous motto when that country is the most powerful country in the world.
 
Well, perhaps you feel that way..BUT, I don't like "friends" that insult me.... Do you? It's something you expect from enemies... I don't consider critical, insulting people friends at all..

As for "my country right or wrong" That's BS.. I certainly don't feel that way and I am very critical of some aspects of our government.. BUT.. there's a difference in being analytic and being hateful.. Unfortunately.. I don't see some of the criticisms here as kind or constructive.. Just nasty and unnecessary. It seems to me that the Canadians, Austrailians and especially the Brits are eager to bad mouth the US.. but are a tad thin skinned when it is handed back to them.. But I guess it's always easy to take pot shots... especially at the most powerful country in the world.
 
If you have a pension for conspiracy theories..


I think the word you were looking for is 'penchant'. And simply based on your 'accusation', I have a link for you. This man has credentials that are excellent. His bio from his website:

Dr. Paul Craig Roberts was Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Economic Policy under Ronald Reagan and associate editor of the Wall Street Journal. He was columnist for Business Week, Scripps Howard News Service, and Creators Syndicate. He has had many university appointments. His internet columns have attracted a worldwide following.



He talks about various of the lies of the American administration, Saddam Hussein's WMD being an obvious one, Muammar Gaddafi and his despotic rule, Assad using chemical weapons, Iranian nukes, their involvement in the Ukraine initially and Russia's involvement there, etc., and he goes on to point out how when people point to these obvious and known affronts to honesty and integrity, they are labelled as un-patriotic or conspiracy theorists (if they're a citizen) and we won't talk about what 'they' say about people like me who aren't citizens but have the audacity to not accept the government propaganda.

But maybe I'm missing something here and maybe it is that in your wisdom, you have chosen not to speak out because you don't want to wind up on some government watch list. Not something that has occurred to me, but apparently 1.2 million American citizens are being deliberately and systematically spied on and not necessarily because of violence or suspected crimes but because they may have voiced an opinion. Like journalists and film makers and.....

To suggest that there are no conspiracies is naive and wishful. Dr. Roberts says in his column: "... When the government lies in order to orchestrate wars that benefit special interests, the government breaks trust with the people and becomes arbitrary, dictatorial, and unaccountable." When a government lies, it is a conspiracy against the people and it's not a theory. Your government broke trust with you when they started pushing the WMD lie, heck when they got rid of Iran's elected Prime Minister in 1953 and they are lying today.


Dr. Roberts Website: http://www.paulcraigroberts.org/2014/10/11/ebola-update-paul-craig-roberts/



Note: Glen Greenwald reveals that 1.2 million citizens including the filmmaker who filmed him having a meeting with Snowden are on a Watch List. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/nyff-edward-snowden-doc-citizenfour-740060
 
Yes... If you look upthread... you will see that I FOUND the word Penchant.. There are so many conspiracy theories out there.. However do you pick one to believe?

I believe that Bush and CHeney lied... I think I have told you several times that I think they should be in prison.. along with Rumsfeld and Condeliza Rice.. AND I write about it all the time on FB.. I'm not at all concerned about a government "watch List".... If I'm on a watch list, they are watching me quietly.. and good for them.... Doesn't concern me in the least..

I can see that in your mind, nothing the US does is to be trusted? How about Germany? Don't see them being held accountable for Hitler... OR Japan for Hirohito..nd you seem quite happy with Russia... BUT.. the USA?? Oh man... puke that up forever.. and subscribe to any crazy theory you can dig up. It's quite evident to me where you are coming from Debby.... I don't think we have anything further to discuss.. I'm finding your motives and credulity quite suspect and predictable.
 
Well, perhaps you feel that way..BUT, I don't like "friends" that insult me.... Do you? It's something you expect from enemies... I don't consider critical, insulting people friends at all..

As for "my country right or wrong" That's BS.. I certainly don't feel that way and I am very critical of some aspects of our government.. BUT.. there's a difference in being analytic and being hateful.. Unfortunately.. I don't see some of the criticisms here as kind or constructive.. Just nasty and unnecessary. It seems to me that the Canadians, Austrailians and especially the Brits are eager to bad mouth the US.. but are a tad thin skinned when it is handed back to them.. But I guess it's always easy to take pot shots... especially at the most powerful country in the world.


I am not insulting you Quicksilver although you likely see it that way and I'm sorry about that. What I'm actually doing is relaying to you what your government and the mainstream media won't tell you. Every time I've said anything I've included credible links. And as in the case of Dr. Roberts, a fellow citizen of yours is saying these things.

It's unfortunate but expected that you would find my posts hateful (I'm assuming I'm one of those on your list) and not constructive even when and maybe especially when the information that I'm merely passing along is far more truthful than anything coming out of Washington. And recognizing the actions of a government run amok is necessary because like any other 'bad habit', you can't get control of it until you recognize it.

I'll be the first to recognize that many great and wonderful things have come from America. My own country has benefited from having the US next door in innumerable ways. But at the same time, I'm not blind to it's failings now that I've become aware of them because those failings threaten the world. Do you remember all those German citizens who said nothing when the Nazi's were taking away the Jewish families? I would like to think that when the history books look back, if things go terribly wrong (nuclear war or more terrorists taking down legitimate governments and over running the planet, etc) I won't be included in that shadowy group of people 'who never said anything and just let it happen'.
 
Good grief Debby... So.. everyone in the US is an idiot and is being fooled... BUT YOU, Debby, are privy to the REAL truth?.. Give me a break.. You have no more proof that what you are reading is the truth than anyone here knows EXACTLY what is happening behind closed doors on the world stage. You are trolling the net for anything you can dig up.. and that's evident. AND I think it's great how much you recognize the good things about America.. but as they say... with friends like you... who needs enemies.
 
Yes... If you look upthread... you will see that I FOUND the word Penchant.. There are so many conspiracy theories out there.. However do you pick one to believe?

I believe that Bush and CHeney lied... I think I have told you several times that I think they should be in prison.. along with Rumsfeld and Condeliza Rice.. AND I write about it all the time on FB.. I'm not at all concerned about a government "watch List".... If I'm on a watch list, they are watching me quietly.. and good for them.... Doesn't concern me in the least..

I can see that in your mind, nothing the US does is to be trusted? How about Germany? Don't see them being held accountable for Hitler... OR Japan for Hirohito..nd you seem quite happy with Russia... BUT.. the USA?? Oh man... puke that up forever.. and subscribe to any crazy theory you can dig up. It's quite evident to me where you are coming from Debby.... I don't think we have anything further to discuss.. I'm finding your motives and credulity quite suspect and predictable.




I don't 'pick' a conspiracy theory. I read multiple opinions other than just what comes out of CNN, MSNBC, CBC, CTV, FOX, etc., and I look at their credentials and their evidence and keeping in mind what history has proven as to past behaviours, etc., and I formulate an opinion.

As I don't read your FB, what you may or may not write there is a mystery to me. As far as the people you mentioned in your comment, you and I agree on them.

Germany, well that government has it's agenda too, of that I have no doubt. But they are not the issue insofar as their efforts to dominate the world today are they? Once upon a time, but no longer and the same goes for Japan. And even Russia, hasn't been involved in a major conflict outside it's borders or the borders of the old Soviet Union since 1993. And the conflicts that they have been involved in in various areas have come about as parts of what used to be the SU decided to break away and Russia tried to hold onto them which resulted in some fighting. But if you look at this link which lists them: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-Soviet_conflicts you will notice that each incident seldom lasted more than a year and Russia withdrew.

Compare that to the US record arming terrorists who proceed to overthrow governments and then suddenly the US is whispering in the ear of that new man who is their man. The Shah of Iran, Hosni Mobaruk, Syria's Husni al-Za'im in 1949, Carlos Armas of Guatemala in 1954, Abdul Salam Arif in Iraq around 1960....several of those mentioned on the following link: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covert_United_States_foreign_regime_change_actions

The 'best' evidence in those examples of corporate America running your government is the Guatemala war. According to the page linked, that came about because the previous government was attempting to install agrarian reforms ....... and the United Fruit Company lobbied for a coup by lying and saying the government was communist and America was happy to oblige. 200,000 people died in the ensuing fighting.

"my country right or wrong" right QuickSilver?
 
Good grief Debby... So.. everyone in the US is an idiot and is being fooled... BUT YOU, Debby, are privy to the REAL truth?.. Give me a break.. You have no more proof that what you are reading is the truth than anyone here knows EXACTLY what is happening behind closed doors on the world stage. You are trolling the net for anything you can dig up.. and that's evident. AND I think it's great how much you recognize the good things about America.. but as they say... with friends like you... who needs enemies.


Enough of the citizens of America are fooled that your government operates with impunity. But many of your countries own citizens are speaking out against those actions. (I just happen to read enough about what's going on these days that I've come across them).

Do you even read any of the links QuickSilver? Because if you did, you wouldn't be implying that I need 'proof' because the proofs are in those articles (and I'm only linking to them, not making them up). Names, dates, photos, and after a while the patterns of behaviour become all too evident.....The problem is not that I am given to researching before I put it down in writing, but that you don't research.

My motives for bothering to discuss and debate like this with people like you are six and three years old respectively and they call me Grandma. And in Guatemala and Iraq and Somalia and Ukraine and Russia and Germany and all over the world, there are Grandma's and little kids.....and your country has no regard for us apparently.
 
Enough of the citizens of America are fooled that your government operates with impunity. But many of your countries own citizens are speaking out against those actions. (I just happen to read enough about what's going on these days that I've come across them).

As I've stated in the past here, I've never been very 'political' or paid that much attention to the news until I retired. But I do know the US has done many things behind the scenes that are not reported in the main stream media news that appear to be unethical and devious. I don't consider everything I hear conspiracy theory, but just some truths that have not been announced on local newscasts for obvious reasons.

I agree with Bee, that Bush should have never invaded Iraq, and perhaps we wouldn't have this mess to deal with now, with ISIS. Everything is not what it seems to be, and kudos to those who dig deeper via alternative news sources. None of us should consider news sources like Fox or MSNBC as "bible", IMO.

Since I don't have any part in other 'political' forums, I don't know of any reasons to be angry with the UK or any other countries joining us to help with what is needing to be done in regards to ISIS. I don't like the idea of boots on the ground, but airstrikes seems to be the next best thing. It's a mess, and like Debby already said, a lot of the middle east issues come right back to the US actions of the past.
 
As I've stated in the past here, I've never been very 'political' or paid that much attention to the news until I retired. But I do know the US has done many things behind the scenes that are not reported in the main stream media news that appear to be unethical and devious. I don't consider everything I hear conspiracy theory, but just some truths that have not been announced on local newscasts for obvious reasons.

I agree with Bee, that Bush should have never invaded Iraq, and perhaps we wouldn't have this mess to deal with now, with ISIS. Everything is not what it seems to be, and kudos to those who dig deeper via alternative news sources. None of us should consider news sources like Fox or MSNBC as "bible", IMO.

Since I don't have any part in other 'political' forums, I don't know of any reasons to be angry with the UK or any other countries joining us to help with what is needing to be done in regards to ISIS. I don't like the idea of boots on the ground, but airstrikes seems to be the next best thing. It's a mess, and like Debby already said, a lot of the middle east issues come right back to the US actions of the past.


Actually, we can trace the MIDDLE EAST turmoil all the way back to when Britain and France drew arbitrary borders for Iraq and Iran, with no regard for the tribal alliances that existed, and set the stage for all the unrest to follow..

Both Britain and France had large interests in the lands between the Mediterranean Sea and Persian Gulf. London's strategists had recognized by the early 20th century how important it would be to have access to petroleum production sites. The region also lay directly between Britain and what was then British India.
Paris, by contrast, had growing business relations with the large harbor cities of the Mediterranean: Beirut, Sidon and Tyrus. Securing access to them was the goal of the Sykes-Picot Agreement.The fate of locals in those areas was all the same to the great powers. With a stroke of the pen, Sykes firmly drew a hooking line - from roughly Kirkuk, Iraq to Haifa, Israel - which gave France control of northern territories and Britain control of the south.
"The artificiality of state formation has caused numerous conflicts over the last few decades," said Henner Fürtig, director of the Institute of Middle East Studies at GIGA research institute in Hamburg. "These questions haven't been solved for a century and burst open again and again, in a cycle, like now with the ISIS advance in northern Iraq."


http://www.dw.de/sykes-picot-drew-middle-easts-arbitrary-borders/a-17734768

So you can see that the US invading Iraq, was NOT the start of the problems there and the eventual formation of ISIS.. It goes back much farther... While I agree we had no business invading Iraq.. and did so under false pretenses... ours are not the only hands that are dirty.. There's a lot of blame to go around. Placing all the blame on the USA conveniently disregards history. While we may be the biggest target to scapegoat..... Others had a hand in mucking up the region also..
 
Well, perhaps you feel that way..BUT, I don't like "friends" that insult me.... Do you? It's something you expect from enemies... I don't consider critical, insulting people friends at all..

As for "my country right or wrong" That's BS.. I certainly don't feel that way and I am very critical of some aspects of our government.. BUT.. there's a difference in being analytic and being hateful.. Unfortunately.. I don't see some of the criticisms here as kind or constructive.. Just nasty and unnecessary. It seems to me that the Canadians, Austrailians and especially the Brits are eager to bad mouth the US.. but are a tad thin skinned when it is handed back to them.. But I guess it's always easy to take pot shots... especially at the most powerful country in the world.

I hope I have never set out to insult anyone on this forum. I try to express my thoughts politely. If my posts are seen as critical or insulting I assure you that that is not my intention.

Yes, it is easy to take pot shots but you need to recognise that, being the most powerful country in the world, the rest of the world has a keen interest in what you are doing internationally. Even your internal economic policies and practices spill over and affect smaller economies.

When people complain about the American hegemony they are talking something very real that, for better or for worse, does affect them. It used to be the British hegemony but the baton has been passed to you now. With it comes a lot of odium; some of it unfair but a lot of it is also well deserved.

Please understand that nothing I have just written is hate filled. Whether you find it hateful or not is entirely up to you.
 
........

So you can see that the US invading Iraq, was NOT the start of the problems there and the eventual formation of ISIS.. It goes back much farther... While I agree we had no business invading Iraq.. and did so under false pretenses... ours are not the only hands that are dirty.. There's a lot of blame to go around. Placing all the blame on the USA conveniently disregards history. While we may be the biggest target to scapegoat..... Others had a hand in mucking up the region also..


You've made some good points, but the US has only continually exacerbated the problem by continually meddling in all of those countries. And which others have the greatest responsibility for the problems? I can't recall reading much if anything about France deposing governments or manipulating and setting up puppet governments. Or Austria or Belgium or Italy....

I might be wrong on that last and if you have some examples, I'll happily include them in my world view, but currently, it still stands that a poll found (from respondents around the world) that most people think the US is the greatest threat to world peace. http://www.ibtimes.com/gallup-poll-biggest-threat-world-peace-america-1525008 Apparently even 13% of those Americans who were polled rated America as the biggest threat which is only a wee bit behind Canadians who came in at 17%.

So you can get angry at me if you want and I'm sorry about that, but I'm not the only one who fears your country. Or at least what might happen to the world as a result of your countries policies.
 
I know that this is a side issue but I've just uncovered something interesting about the cost of being an ally of the United States. I'm not exactly sure what all this means but for those who think the allies of the US are somehow not contributing enough, this is food for thought.

AUSTRALIA will be billed by the US military for many of the missiles and other bombs RAAF jet fighters drop in the campaign against Islamic State terrorists.

US-supplied smart-guided weapons fitted to Australia’s Super Hornets can range in price from less than $70,000 to more than $650,000 each. Weapons-sharing agreements struck between the Australian Defence Force and the Pentagon give the RAAF *access to US aerial ordnance but each missile or bomb used must be paid for.

The Australian Air Task Group has stocks of its own munitions at Al Minhad air base near Dubai but the RAAF F/A-18F Super Hornets can carry a mix of both Australian and US-supplied armaments. It is understood that aircraft fuel, dispensed on the ground or air-to-air through the RAAF KC-30A multi-role tanker transport, will also be purchased from the US or other third parties.

“The ADF has access to a wide variety of munitions, both Australian and sourced from the United States,” an ADF spokesman said. “For operational reasons, we will not elaborate on the precise types, numbers or potential costs.”

During missions over recent days, the Hornets have been fitted with air-to-air and air-to-ground weapons, including $650,000 AIM-9X Sidewinder missiles and Joint Direct Attack Munition laser and GPS-guided bombs, costing up to $50,000 each.

User-pays is not new, and longstanding Defence Logistics Support Agreements between Australia, the US and the UK have seen Australia pay its coalition partners well in excess of $150 million since the conflicts began in Afghanistan and Iraq after the 9/11 *attacks on the US in 2001.
Australia paid the US and UK $25.67 million in 2006 for base supplies, accommodation, diesel, meals and airlift support. The Australia-US agreement has stated “all defence articles and defence services provided to Australia by the US are to be priced on a full-cost basis as required by the US Arms Control Export Act’’.
War is an expensive business both in money and in blood.

Our population last year was estimated in July as 22,262,500 compared with the USA estimated at 318,892,100. That means that the US is 14.3 times bigger population-wise than Australia. New Zealand is much smaller at 4,242,500. It's not reasonable to expect our military commitments to match the US.

The US population is roughly 5 times the population of the United Kingdom. So pro rata it is unreasonable for the Brits to match US military spending either.

I guess that is why the United States ends up carrying the heaviest load - you have the biggest population and economy and you also have the largest standing army as well as being the main armament supplier to your allies, at "full-cost basis".
 
Maybe its time to bring out the BIG weapons that enemies pay attention to.
The US has those but worry about cavilian being killed,cant have it both ways.
 
Sure, why not Davey? As long as they're deployed over there and against people who don't have similar BIG weapons...

(actually I'm not serious about deploying nuclear weapons if that is what you are referring to because that could well be the beginning of the end for all of us!)
 
There's a lot of should haves or should not haves but ISIS is a mess that has to be cleaned up. Sure the US messed things invading Iraq but as pointed out the colonial powers that settled and chopped places like Iraq over hundred years ago are just as much to blame. It's a daisy chain of events going back centuries. It is frustrating everyone seems to forget or ignore history.

The whole problem with war in the middle east is that you wind up fighting an idea. An idea is a lot harder to stop or kill off compared to an actual army following orders.
 
Some clarifications need for this thread. Who decided we should go into Iraq for the second time.

First time it was the UN that asked for some countries to arrive and make sure Saddam would get back into the recognized boundaries. Many countries did arrive and under the leadership of the US President Bush. They quickly accomplished that fact. Over the ten plus years later there were more efforts to move military into Iraq to settle things down. There were always two or three of the controlling nations of the UN, China, Russia, and sometimes another, would refuse to support the move to re enter Irag and give the people their idea of a government.

So Sir Michael Jackson came forward with his ideas about that situation. First from one of his books came this comment.

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1561891/Gen-Sir-Mike-Jackson-attacks-US-over-Iraq.html

Sir Mike says he satisfied himself on the legality of invading Iraq by careful study of the relevant UN Security Council resolutions and concluded that action was "legitimate under international law without a 'second' resolution.

(Near the end of the document.)

And also

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Jackson

Jackson succeeded General Sir Michael Walker as Chief of the General Staff (CGS)—the professional head of, and highest post in, the British Army—on 1 February 2003,[SUP][48][/SUP] just over a month before the 2003 invasion of Iraq. He later said that he "did his homework" in researching the disputed legality of the war and had convinced himself that the invasion was legal.[SUP][5][/SUP]
.......................

It seems to me that much of the Iraq activity was shared and joint in coming to what has been accepted activity. Certainly the US has and does make mistakes but in the Iraq wars, we had help from a good English General to be able to re enter Iraq to end many atrocities that were going on.

The US's follow on decisions were what has turned out to be disastrous for Iraq, and probably much of the Arab nations area. We should have never left Iraq, a brand new nation, alone to make mistakes without advice from the UN nations and their military leaders. The near instant withdrawals ordered by our new President has only given the world another big disaster. I use the WWII efforts of outside efforts to try to keep the recovering nations from just falling back into dictator types of unrepresentative governments being formed again. The attempt to build representative governments was not a mistake. Running prior to them becoming adjusted to and trusting representative governments was the biggest mistake for the US to make.
 
Yes, BobF, the 1919 'drawing straight lines' agreement was dreadful; I have been through that on another thread previously.
it was also practised in Africa; no great success there either; to put it mildly.
Amazing really, especially as UK agreed it with the French; probably the only time French and UK really agreed on anything; perhaps that was why it was such a mess....although I suspect the roots go back even further..

Tony Blair was so determined to become a world statesman, he would have agreed to anything, IMO.
now look at him; ME peace envoy; worth millions...no extra comment needed.

So, Brits have tried to back off a little since that....and that hasn't worked either IMO.

As usual; damned if you do; damned if you don't..
 
There's a lot of should haves or should not haves but ISIS is a mess that has to be cleaned up. Sure the US messed things invading Iraq but as pointed out the colonial powers that settled and chopped places like Iraq over hundred years ago are just as much to blame. It's a daisy chain of events going back centuries. It is frustrating everyone seems to forget or ignore history.

The whole problem with war in the middle east is that you wind up fighting an idea. An idea is a lot harder to stop or kill off compared to an actual army following orders.




I don't think anybody is ignoring history so much as they're ignoring 'old' history while still seeing recent history and acknowledging the fact that while Saddam Hussein was in charge, the region was relatively stable compared to currently.
 


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