With the impaired ability to move, a person in the late-stage of dementia is at risk for a number of medical complications like an infection of the urinary tract and pneumonia (an infection of the lung). Difficulty swallowing, eating and drinking leads to weight loss, dehydration, and malnutrition which further increases their vulnerability to infection.
In the end, most people with late-stage dementia die of a medical complication related to their underlying dementia. For instance, a person may die from an infection like aspiration pneumonia, which occurs as a result of swallowing difficulties, or a person may die from a blood clot in the lung as a result of being immobile and bedbound.
However, it's important to note that dementia itself is fatal. At times this is appropriately listed as the cause of death on a death certificate, as late-stage dementia is a terminal illness.
The big picture here is that while a person with end-stage dementia may technically die from an infection or other medical complication, it is their severe dementia that predisposed them to that complication and made them too weak to fight it off.
A Word From Verywell
While advanced dementia is incurable and will ultimately result in death, it's important to note that you can still provide comfort to your loved ones and play an active role in their care.
Hospice care is available and highly encouraged for individuals with late-stage dementia and includes strategies like comfort feeding, assessing and easing the pain, mouth care, engaging in pleasurable activities like music or soothing touch, and managing uncomfortable symptoms.
With this strategy, you are proactively providing love and support and nurturing your loved one without putting them through futile medical interventions.