History, anything goes, including pictures

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On this day, in 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea and began the Korean War
China, Japan and the Soviet Union had all jostled for influence over the Korean peninsula for years. Japan went on to formally colonise Korea in 1910 and ruled it until the end of World War II.
Estimates vary, but at least two million Korean civilians, up to 1.5 million communist troops, and around 30,000 US, 400,000 South Korean and 1,000 UK troops are believed to have died.
 

boy.jpg
A young Russian boy points out German positions to Commander G. V. Gvozdev of the 11th Squad, 3rd Leningrad Partisan Brigade in a small village during the Siege of Leningrad. Near Leningrad (now, St. Petersburg), Leningrad Oblast, August 1943.
 
29 June 1613 – The Globe Theatre in London burns to the ground.

The Globe Theatre was a theatre in London associated with William Shakespeare. It was built in 1599 by Shakespeare's playing company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men, on land owned by Thomas Brend and inherited by his son, Nicholas Brend and grandson Sir Matthew Brend and using timber from an earlier theatre. The Globe Theatre was destroyed by fire on 29 June 1613 during a performance of Henry VIII.

Conjectural reconstruction of the Globe theatre 1599-1613, by C. Walter Hodges based on archeological and documentary evidence, 1958.

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A second Globe Theatre was built on the same site by June 1614 and closed by an Ordinance issued on 6 September 1642. A modern reconstruction of the Globe, named "Shakespeare's Globe", opened in 1997 approximately 230 metres from the site of the original theatre. The new "Shakespeare's Globe" is an academic approximation of the original design, based on available evidence of the 1599 and 1614 buildings and opened with a production of Henry V.
 
29 June 2007 – Apple Inc. releases its first mobile phone, the iPhone.

iPhone is a line of smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc. They run Apple's iOS mobile operating system. The first generation iPhone was first released on 29 June 2007, and there have been multiple new hardware iterations since.

The original iPhone has been described as "revolutionary", a "game-changer" for the mobile phone industry, and it's been credited with helping to make Apple one of the world's most valuable publicly traded companies.

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The iPhone has also been credited with popularising the smartphone, and with creating a large market for smartphone apps, or the "app economy".
 
30 June 1859 – French acrobat Charles Blondin crosses Niagara Falls on a tightrope.

Charles Blondin, born Jean François Gravelet (1824–1897) was a French tightrope walker and acrobat. At the age of five he was sent to the École de Gymnase at Lyon and, after six months training as an acrobat, made his first public appearance as "The boy Wonder".

Blondin poster. Blondin crossing Niagara Falls on 30 June 1859. Carrying his manager over Niagara Falls.

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Blondin went to the United States in 1855. He especially owed his celebrity and fortune to his idea of crossing the Niagara Gorge on a tightrope near the location of the current Rainbow Bridge. This he did on 30 June 1859, and a number of times thereafter, always with different theatrical variations: blindfolded, in a sack, trundling a wheelbarrow, on stilts, carrying a man (his manager, Harry Colcord) on his back, sitting down midway while he cooked and ate an omelette and standing on a chair with only one chair leg on the rope.
 
30 June 1937 – The world's first emergency telephone number, 999, is introduced in London.

999 is an official emergency telephone number in a number of countries which allows the caller to contact emergency services for urgent assistance. Countries and territories using 999 include Bahrain, Bangladesh, Botswana, Ghana, Hong Kong, Kenya, Macau, Malaysia, Mauritius, Qatar, Ireland, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Swaziland, Trinidad and Tobago, Seychelles, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and Zimbabwe.

First introduced in the London area on 30 June 1937, the UK's 999 number is the world's oldest emergency call telephone service.

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The system was introduced following a fire on 10 November 1935 in a house on Wimpole Street in which five women were killed. A neighbour had tried to telephone the fire brigade and was so outraged at being held in a queue by the Welbeck telephone exchange that he wrote a letter to the editor of The Times, which prompted a government inquiry.

Emergency numbers vary around the world. The common European emergency number is 112, in the United States of America and Canada it is 911, in Australia it is 000 and in New Zealand 111.
 
Together We Served
1ltSng0pogcnhsored ·
Military History
Heroic Pilot Just Managed to Land and Save His Buddy’s Life
Being launched off the flight deck of an aircraft carrier is a normal routine, but adrenaline junkie pilots love the radical feel of about 4 Gs.
On July 9, 1991, an A-6 Intruder modified to be a refueling aircraft was shot off the Abraham Lincoln in the Persian Gulf. Lieutenant Mark Baden was the pilot and had his friend and navigator (BN), Lieutenant Keith Gallagher beside him.
It was Gallagher’s birthday, and he advised Baden when they returned it would be his 100th trap recovery on an aircraft carrier.
A mid-air collision had occurred a few days earlier, and Baden was slightly nervous. On top of all the other odd circumstances, he was actually assigned the plane with his name emblazoned on the side – unlike in the movies, the pilots don’t always fly the plane with their name.
He made all the normal checks and touched all the buttons and switches. Satisfied he was ready for anything, the aircraft was blasted off the end of the carrier to accomplish the mission: to refuel other aircraft in the sky.
The refueling version of the A-6 was a KA-6D and was modified by removing radar and bomb equipment to install internal refueling gear. Some attack capability including a visual bombing ability was retained, but the overall design was to provide fuel in the air. This plane served the US Navy extensively from 1963 to 1997.
About mid-way through the flight – which is often considered the most boring time – the crew occupied themselves by performing fuel checks. One problem appeared – a stuck float in one of the tanks.
Baden decided to bounce the aircraft around a bit to try to unstick it. Flying at 8,000 feet, he maneuvered the plane to experience positive and negative G at 230 knots. His body floated out of the seat a bit. Then he heard a BANG!
A sudden depressurization of the cockpit and rush of roaring wind caused Baden to look about for the problem. Expecting to see Gallagher’s face, he was shocked to be looking at the navigator’s knees. Alarmed, he quickly assessed the situation. The canopy was sealed against the windshield, but the Plexiglas was shattered. Gallagher’s upper body was outside the aircraft. He seemed to be stuck in the canopy!
From Gallagher’s point of view, he looked down, saw the top of the pilot’s helmet, and realized he was sitting on top of A06 flying at over 200 knots! The forceful wind ripped off his mask and hit him in the face. His description: “It was like trying to drink through a fire hose.” He maneuvered his hands to hold near his chest. Fighting for air, he tried to think.
Meanwhile, Baden’s mind raced, wondering what had happened. One of the first things he thought was, “I need to slow down!” He quickly brought the throttles toward idle and thrust the flaps down. In a panic, he activated an emergency switch. As the plane slowly decelerated, Baden looked up to see the rest of Gallagher’s body buffeting in the wind. The navigator’s head snapped about he appeared unable to breathe.
Gallagher’s face was distorted with the force of the wind. His cheeks and eyes were bulging. His neck strained dreadfully with the attempt to stay with the plane. At his belly were the razor-sharp, jagged edges of the Plexiglas threatening to pierce his body. Baden noted this and considered a quick stop, such as a tail hook catch, might impale his navigator on those knife-edged pieces.
The BN, fighting off unconsciousness, felt blind and lost. Gallagher stated the wind felt like a rushing wall of water. He couldn’t see and the roaring of the wind filled his ears. He realized he was suffocating and before blacking out he was aware of saying, “I don’t want to die.”
Baden saw Gallagher move his arms about and was relieved to see he was still alive. He grabbed the radio and called, “Mayday, Mayday, this is 515. My BN has partially ejected. I need an emergency pull-forward!” Immediately the reply burst from the radio, the calm voice of the air boss on the ship, “Bring it on.”
With the clearance to land on the aircraft carrier, Baden attempted to keep the speed as slow as possible and not fall out of the sky. Gallagher’s legs kicked wildly causing Baden to heave a sigh of relief: he was still alive. He watched the BN’s head and body buffeting about and feared his friend was being beaten to death.
The Boss called over the radio to ask if the BN was still in the plane. Baden quickly responded, “Only his legs are still inside the cockpit,” not considering the horrific images people on the ship might be picturing in their minds. But the Boss understood. Declaring the deck clear and notifying other aircraft of the emergency occupied the Abraham Lincoln for a few minutes.
Baden was ready to land the plane and was set up for a straight-in catch. Then his blood ran cold. Gallagher was no longer kicking. A glance through the canopy at the BN’s face caused the pilot to quickly turn and avoid looking at his friend. Gallagher’s head was on his shoulder and by all appearances, his neck was broken.
The closer to the sea, the more the front windscreen fogged over. Baden switched the defogger on high and was about to unstrap to wipe the glass with his hand when it cleared. Then he saw the ship had turned hard to the left. He uttered some inappropriate remarks toward the ship and prepared to chase the centerline.
Luckily, a landing signal officer advised the captain he could deal with the winds and to cruise “steady.” Baden was relieved to see a straight-line wake behind the Abraham Lincoln.
He drove in carefully to not cause any more damage to Gallagher. At the slower speed, he noted the Plexiglas shards, “looked like a butcher’s knife collection. I was very concerned that the deceleration of the trap was going to throw him into the jagged edge of the canopy.” Further, he had full intention to catch the first wire and get stopped as quickly as possible without cutting his navigator in half.
When the wheels hit the deck, Baden flinched when the hook didn’t catch. He raised the nose in an effort to pivot the plane so the hook would be lower. The relief was immense when he felt the tailhook connection with the wire. The thought of rolling off the deck and requiring a helicopter sea rescue would have capped the already horrible flight.
Baden killed the engines and made everything safe. Getting out of his side of the cockpit, he touched his friend’s arm. “Am I on the flight deck?” Gallagher asked. Relief washed over the pilot as he gripped the cold hand and waited for the medics. He was talking when the crash crew carefully lifted him from the plane. Baden headed straight for medical as soon as his BN had been extracted.
Gallagher had woken up when the A-6 stopped. He was amazed to be on the flight deck instead of walking through the pearly gates of heaven to see long lost relatives. The mishap which almost cost his life was countered by a series of miraculous happenings, including being pinned by the shoulder harness which prevented his unconscious body from surging forward during the landing.
Later Baden learned the only thing holding Gallagher in the aircraft was the parachute risers caught on the back of the seat. His astute actions saved his BN’s life. He was awarded the Air Medal, and the crew of the Abraham Lincoln received a letter from Gallagher’s wife thanking them for saving his life.
He recovered fully and continued his Navy career to retirement. He declared there were many reasons he survived that 26th birthday, one of which was some good old fashion Irish luck.
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Together We Served
1ltSng0pogcnhsored ·
Military History
Heroic Pilot Just Managed to Land and Save His Buddy’s Life
Being launched off the flight deck of an aircraft carrier is a normal routine, but adrenaline junkie pilots love the radical feel of about 4 Gs.
On July 9, 1991, an A-6 Intruder modified to be a refueling aircraft was shot off the Abraham Lincoln in the Persian Gulf. Lieutenant Mark Baden was the pilot and had his friend and navigator (BN), Lieutenant Keith Gallagher beside him.
It was Gallagher’s birthday, and he advised Baden when they returned it would be his 100th trap recovery on an aircraft carrier.
A mid-air collision had occurred a few days earlier, and Baden was slightly nervous. On top of all the other odd circumstances, he was actually assigned the plane with his name emblazoned on the side – unlike in the movies, the pilots don’t always fly the plane with their name.
He made all the normal checks and touched all the buttons and switches. Satisfied he was ready for anything, the aircraft was blasted off the end of the carrier to accomplish the mission: to refuel other aircraft in the sky.
The refueling version of the A-6 was a KA-6D and was modified by removing radar and bomb equipment to install internal refueling gear. Some attack capability including a visual bombing ability was retained, but the overall design was to provide fuel in the air. This plane served the US Navy extensively from 1963 to 1997.
About mid-way through the flight – which is often considered the most boring time – the crew occupied themselves by performing fuel checks. One problem appeared – a stuck float in one of the tanks.
Baden decided to bounce the aircraft around a bit to try to unstick it. Flying at 8,000 feet, he maneuvered the plane to experience positive and negative G at 230 knots. His body floated out of the seat a bit. Then he heard a BANG!
A sudden depressurization of the cockpit and rush of roaring wind caused Baden to look about for the problem. Expecting to see Gallagher’s face, he was shocked to be looking at the navigator’s knees. Alarmed, he quickly assessed the situation. The canopy was sealed against the windshield, but the Plexiglas was shattered. Gallagher’s upper body was outside the aircraft. He seemed to be stuck in the canopy!
From Gallagher’s point of view, he looked down, saw the top of the pilot’s helmet, and realized he was sitting on top of A06 flying at over 200 knots! The forceful wind ripped off his mask and hit him in the face. His description: “It was like trying to drink through a fire hose.” He maneuvered his hands to hold near his chest. Fighting for air, he tried to think.
Meanwhile, Baden’s mind raced, wondering what had happened. One of the first things he thought was, “I need to slow down!” He quickly brought the throttles toward idle and thrust the flaps down. In a panic, he activated an emergency switch. As the plane slowly decelerated, Baden looked up to see the rest of Gallagher’s body buffeting in the wind. The navigator’s head snapped about he appeared unable to breathe.
Gallagher’s face was distorted with the force of the wind. His cheeks and eyes were bulging. His neck strained dreadfully with the attempt to stay with the plane. At his belly were the razor-sharp, jagged edges of the Plexiglas threatening to pierce his body. Baden noted this and considered a quick stop, such as a tail hook catch, might impale his navigator on those knife-edged pieces.
The BN, fighting off unconsciousness, felt blind and lost. Gallagher stated the wind felt like a rushing wall of water. He couldn’t see and the roaring of the wind filled his ears. He realized he was suffocating and before blacking out he was aware of saying, “I don’t want to die.”
Baden saw Gallagher move his arms about and was relieved to see he was still alive. He grabbed the radio and called, “Mayday, Mayday, this is 515. My BN has partially ejected. I need an emergency pull-forward!” Immediately the reply burst from the radio, the calm voice of the air boss on the ship, “Bring it on.”
With the clearance to land on the aircraft carrier, Baden attempted to keep the speed as slow as possible and not fall out of the sky. Gallagher’s legs kicked wildly causing Baden to heave a sigh of relief: he was still alive. He watched the BN’s head and body buffeting about and feared his friend was being beaten to death.
The Boss called over the radio to ask if the BN was still in the plane. Baden quickly responded, “Only his legs are still inside the cockpit,” not considering the horrific images people on the ship might be picturing in their minds. But the Boss understood. Declaring the deck clear and notifying other aircraft of the emergency occupied the Abraham Lincoln for a few minutes.
Baden was ready to land the plane and was set up for a straight-in catch. Then his blood ran cold. Gallagher was no longer kicking. A glance through the canopy at the BN’s face caused the pilot to quickly turn and avoid looking at his friend. Gallagher’s head was on his shoulder and by all appearances, his neck was broken.
The closer to the sea, the more the front windscreen fogged over. Baden switched the defogger on high and was about to unstrap to wipe the glass with his hand when it cleared. Then he saw the ship had turned hard to the left. He uttered some inappropriate remarks toward the ship and prepared to chase the centerline.
Luckily, a landing signal officer advised the captain he could deal with the winds and to cruise “steady.” Baden was relieved to see a straight-line wake behind the Abraham Lincoln.
He drove in carefully to not cause any more damage to Gallagher. At the slower speed, he noted the Plexiglas shards, “looked like a butcher’s knife collection. I was very concerned that the deceleration of the trap was going to throw him into the jagged edge of the canopy.” Further, he had full intention to catch the first wire and get stopped as quickly as possible without cutting his navigator in half.
When the wheels hit the deck, Baden flinched when the hook didn’t catch. He raised the nose in an effort to pivot the plane so the hook would be lower. The relief was immense when he felt the tailhook connection with the wire. The thought of rolling off the deck and requiring a helicopter sea rescue would have capped the already horrible flight.
Baden killed the engines and made everything safe. Getting out of his side of the cockpit, he touched his friend’s arm. “Am I on the flight deck?” Gallagher asked. Relief washed over the pilot as he gripped the cold hand and waited for the medics. He was talking when the crash crew carefully lifted him from the plane. Baden headed straight for medical as soon as his BN had been extracted.
Gallagher had woken up when the A-6 stopped. He was amazed to be on the flight deck instead of walking through the pearly gates of heaven to see long lost relatives. The mishap which almost cost his life was countered by a series of miraculous happenings, including being pinned by the shoulder harness which prevented his unconscious body from surging forward during the landing.
Later Baden learned the only thing holding Gallagher in the aircraft was the parachute risers caught on the back of the seat. His astute actions saved his BN’s life. He was awarded the Air Medal, and the crew of the Abraham Lincoln received a letter from Gallagher’s wife thanking them for saving his life.
He recovered fully and continued his Navy career to retirement. He declared there were many reasons he survived that 26th birthday, one of which was some good old fashion Irish luck.
View attachment 171612
OMG! :eek:
 

1908 Tunguska Fireball is witnessed​


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Tunguska Fireball (Image Source: onthisday.com)

"A giant fireball, most likely caused by the air burst of a large meteoroid or comet flattens 80 million trees near the Stony Tunguska River in Yeniseysk Governorate, Russia, in the largest impact event in recorded history."
 
Together We Served
1ltSng0pogcnhsored ·
Military History
Heroic Pilot Just Managed to Land and Save His Buddy’s Life
Being launched off the flight deck of an aircraft carrier is a normal routine, but adrenaline junkie pilots love the radical feel of about 4 Gs.
On July 9, 1991, an A-6 Intruder modified to be a refueling aircraft was shot off the Abraham Lincoln in the Persian Gulf. Lieutenant Mark Baden was the pilot and had his friend and navigator (BN), Lieutenant Keith Gallagher beside him.
It was Gallagher’s birthday, and he advised Baden when they returned it would be his 100th trap recovery on an aircraft carrier.
A mid-air collision had occurred a few days earlier, and Baden was slightly nervous. On top of all the other odd circumstances, he was actually assigned the plane with his name emblazoned on the side – unlike in the movies, the pilots don’t always fly the plane with their name.
He made all the normal checks and touched all the buttons and switches. Satisfied he was ready for anything, the aircraft was blasted off the end of the carrier to accomplish the mission: to refuel other aircraft in the sky.
The refueling version of the A-6 was a KA-6D and was modified by removing radar and bomb equipment to install internal refueling gear. Some attack capability including a visual bombing ability was retained, but the overall design was to provide fuel in the air. This plane served the US Navy extensively from 1963 to 1997.
About mid-way through the flight – which is often considered the most boring time – the crew occupied themselves by performing fuel checks. One problem appeared – a stuck float in one of the tanks.
Baden decided to bounce the aircraft around a bit to try to unstick it. Flying at 8,000 feet, he maneuvered the plane to experience positive and negative G at 230 knots. His body floated out of the seat a bit. Then he heard a BANG!
A sudden depressurization of the cockpit and rush of roaring wind caused Baden to look about for the problem. Expecting to see Gallagher’s face, he was shocked to be looking at the navigator’s knees. Alarmed, he quickly assessed the situation. The canopy was sealed against the windshield, but the Plexiglas was shattered. Gallagher’s upper body was outside the aircraft. He seemed to be stuck in the canopy!
From Gallagher’s point of view, he looked down, saw the top of the pilot’s helmet, and realized he was sitting on top of A06 flying at over 200 knots! The forceful wind ripped off his mask and hit him in the face. His description: “It was like trying to drink through a fire hose.” He maneuvered his hands to hold near his chest. Fighting for air, he tried to think.
Meanwhile, Baden’s mind raced, wondering what had happened. One of the first things he thought was, “I need to slow down!” He quickly brought the throttles toward idle and thrust the flaps down. In a panic, he activated an emergency switch. As the plane slowly decelerated, Baden looked up to see the rest of Gallagher’s body buffeting in the wind. The navigator’s head snapped about he appeared unable to breathe.
Gallagher’s face was distorted with the force of the wind. His cheeks and eyes were bulging. His neck strained dreadfully with the attempt to stay with the plane. At his belly were the razor-sharp, jagged edges of the Plexiglas threatening to pierce his body. Baden noted this and considered a quick stop, such as a tail hook catch, might impale his navigator on those knife-edged pieces.
The BN, fighting off unconsciousness, felt blind and lost. Gallagher stated the wind felt like a rushing wall of water. He couldn’t see and the roaring of the wind filled his ears. He realized he was suffocating and before blacking out he was aware of saying, “I don’t want to die.”
Baden saw Gallagher move his arms about and was relieved to see he was still alive. He grabbed the radio and called, “Mayday, Mayday, this is 515. My BN has partially ejected. I need an emergency pull-forward!” Immediately the reply burst from the radio, the calm voice of the air boss on the ship, “Bring it on.”
With the clearance to land on the aircraft carrier, Baden attempted to keep the speed as slow as possible and not fall out of the sky. Gallagher’s legs kicked wildly causing Baden to heave a sigh of relief: he was still alive. He watched the BN’s head and body buffeting about and feared his friend was being beaten to death.
The Boss called over the radio to ask if the BN was still in the plane. Baden quickly responded, “Only his legs are still inside the cockpit,” not considering the horrific images people on the ship might be picturing in their minds. But the Boss understood. Declaring the deck clear and notifying other aircraft of the emergency occupied the Abraham Lincoln for a few minutes.
Baden was ready to land the plane and was set up for a straight-in catch. Then his blood ran cold. Gallagher was no longer kicking. A glance through the canopy at the BN’s face caused the pilot to quickly turn and avoid looking at his friend. Gallagher’s head was on his shoulder and by all appearances, his neck was broken.
The closer to the sea, the more the front windscreen fogged over. Baden switched the defogger on high and was about to unstrap to wipe the glass with his hand when it cleared. Then he saw the ship had turned hard to the left. He uttered some inappropriate remarks toward the ship and prepared to chase the centerline.
Luckily, a landing signal officer advised the captain he could deal with the winds and to cruise “steady.” Baden was relieved to see a straight-line wake behind the Abraham Lincoln.
He drove in carefully to not cause any more damage to Gallagher. At the slower speed, he noted the Plexiglas shards, “looked like a butcher’s knife collection. I was very concerned that the deceleration of the trap was going to throw him into the jagged edge of the canopy.” Further, he had full intention to catch the first wire and get stopped as quickly as possible without cutting his navigator in half.
When the wheels hit the deck, Baden flinched when the hook didn’t catch. He raised the nose in an effort to pivot the plane so the hook would be lower. The relief was immense when he felt the tailhook connection with the wire. The thought of rolling off the deck and requiring a helicopter sea rescue would have capped the already horrible flight.
Baden killed the engines and made everything safe. Getting out of his side of the cockpit, he touched his friend’s arm. “Am I on the flight deck?” Gallagher asked. Relief washed over the pilot as he gripped the cold hand and waited for the medics. He was talking when the crash crew carefully lifted him from the plane. Baden headed straight for medical as soon as his BN had been extracted.
Gallagher had woken up when the A-6 stopped. He was amazed to be on the flight deck instead of walking through the pearly gates of heaven to see long lost relatives. The mishap which almost cost his life was countered by a series of miraculous happenings, including being pinned by the shoulder harness which prevented his unconscious body from surging forward during the landing.
Later Baden learned the only thing holding Gallagher in the aircraft was the parachute risers caught on the back of the seat. His astute actions saved his BN’s life. He was awarded the Air Medal, and the crew of the Abraham Lincoln received a letter from Gallagher’s wife thanking them for saving his life.
He recovered fully and continued his Navy career to retirement. He declared there were many reasons he survived that 26th birthday, one of which was some good old fashion Irish luck.
View attachment 171612
I got goosebumps reading that Pappy, so exciting and the best bit was the happy ending.
 
Interesting history!

They used to use urine to tan animal skins, so families used to all pee in a pot & then once a day it was taken & sold to the tannery. If you had to do this to survive you were "piss poor."

But worse than that were the really poor folk who couldn't even afford to buy a pot; they "didn't have a pot to piss in" & were the lowest of the low.

The next time you are washing your hands & complain because the water temperature isn't just how you like it, think about how things used to be. Here are some facts about the 1500s.

Most people got married in June because they took their yearly bath in May, and they still smelled pretty good by June. Since they were starting to smell, however, brides carried a bouquet of flowers to hide the body odor. Hence the custom today of carrying a bouquet when getting married.

Baths consisted of a big tub filled with hot water. The man of the house had the privilege of the nice clean water, then all the other sons and men, then the women, and finally the children. Last of all the babies. By then the water was so dirty you could actually lose someone in it . . . hence the saying, "Don't throw the baby out with the Bath water!"

Houses had thatched roofs-thick straw-piled high, with no wood underneath. It was the only place for animals to get warm, so all the cats and other small animals (mice, bugs) lived in the roof. When it rained it became slippery and sometimes the animals would slip and fall off the roof, resulting in the idiom, "It's raining cats and dogs."

There was nothing to stop things from falling into the house. This posed a real problem in the bedroom where bugs and other droppings could mess up your nice clean bed, therefore, a bed with big posts and a sheet hung over the top afforded some protection. That's how canopy beds came into existence.

The floor was dirt. Only the wealthy had something other than dirt, leading folks to coin the phrase "dirt poor."

The wealthy had slate floors that would get slippery in the winter when wet, so they spread thresh (straw) on floor to help keep their footing. As the winter wore on, they added more thresh until, when you opened the door, it would all start slipping outside. A piece of wood was placed in the entrance-way, subsequently creating a "thresh hold."

In those old days, they cooked in the kitchen with a big kettle that always hung over the fire.. Every day they lit the fire and added things to the pot. They ate mostly vegetables and did not get much meat. They would eat the stew for dinner, leaving leftovers in the pot to get cold overnight and then start over the next day. Sometimes stew had food in it that had been there for quite a while, and thus the rhyme, "Peas porridge hot, peas porridge cold, peas porridge in the pot nine days old."

Sometimes they could obtain pork, which made them feel quite special. When visitors came over, they would hang up their bacon to show off. It was a sign of wealth that a man could, "bring home the bacon." They would cut off a little to share with guests and would all sit around and "chew the fat."

Those with money had plates made of pewter. Food with high acid content caused some of the lead to leach onto the food, causing lead poisoning death. This happened most often with tomatoes, so for the next 400 years or so, tomatoes were considered poisonous.

Bread was divided according to status. Workers got the burnt bottom of the loaf, the family got the middle, and guests got the top, or the "upper crust."

Lead cups were used to drink ale or whisky. The combination would sometimes knock the imbibers out for a couple of days. Someone walking along the road would take them for dead and prepare them for burial.. They were laid out on the kitchen table for a couple of days and the family would gather around and eat and drink and wait and see if they would wake up, creating the custom of holding a wake.

England is old and small and the local folks started running out of places to bury people. So they would dig up coffins and would take the bones to a bone-house, and reuse the grave. When reopening these coffins, 1 out of 25 coffins were found to have scratch marks on the inside and they realized they had been burying people alive, so they would tie a string on the wrist of the corpse, lead it through the coffin and up through the ground and tie it to a bell. Someone would have to sit out in the graveyard all night (the graveyard shift.) to listen for the bell; thus, someone could be, saved by the bell or was considered a dead ringer.

And that's the truth. Now, whoever said History was boring?

McCoy Anderson
View attachment 170919
Nice post and informative too!
 

Fun History Facts

1. During World War II, a Great Dane named Juliana was awarded the Blue Cross Medal. She extinguished an incendiary bomb by peeing on it!

2. Alexander the Great was accidentally buried alive. Scientists believe Alexander suffered from a neurological disorder called Guillain-Barré Syndrome. They believe that when he died he was actually just paralyzed and mentally aware!

3. There were female Gladiators in Ancient Rome! A female gladiator was called a Gladiatrix, or Gladiatrices. They were extremely rare, unlike their male counterparts.

4. The world’s most successful pirate in history was a lady named Ching Shih. She was a prostitute in China until the Commander of the Red Flag Fleet bought and married her. But, her husband considered her his equal and she became an active pirate commander in the fleet.

5. You may know them as the bunch of heroes that broke box office records with their movies. But, The Avengers was also a group of Jewish assassins who hunted Nazi war criminals after World War II. They poisoned 2,283 German prisoners of war!

6. From 1912 to 1948, the Olympic Games held competitions in the fine arts. Medals were given for literature, architecture, sculpture, painting, and music. Obviously, the art created was required to be Olympic-themed.

7. Famous conqueror, Napoleon Bonaparte, was once attacked by a horde of bunnies! He had requested that a rabbit hunt be arranged for himself and his men. When the rabbits were released from their cages, the bunnies charged toward Bonaparte and his men in an unstoppable onslaught.

Related: Statue of Liberty Facts
8. Cleopatra wasn’t actually Egyptian! As far as historians can tell, Egypt’s famous femme fatal was actually Greek!. She was a descendant of Alexander the Great’s Macedonian general Ptolemy.

9. Ketchup was sold in the 1830s as medicine. In 1834, it was sold as a cure for an upset stomach by an Ohio physician named John Cook. It wasn’t popularized as a condiment until the late 19th century!

10. Did you know Abraham Lincoln is in the wrestling hall of fame? The 6’4″ president had only one loss among his around 300 contests. He earned a reputation for this in New Salem, Illinois, as an elite fighter.

11. George Washington opened a whiskey distillery after his presidency. After his term, Washington opened a whiskey distillery. By 1799, Washington’s distillery was the largest in the country, producing 11,000 gallons of un-aged whiskey!

12. During the Salem witch trials, the accused witches weren’t actually burned at the stake. The majority were jailed, and some were hanged. But none of the 2,000 people accused ever got burned alive.

13. President Zachary Taylor died from a cherry overdose! Zachary Taylor passed away after eating way too many cherries and drinking milk at a Fourth of July party in 1850. He died on July 9th from gastroenteritis. The acid in cherries along with the milk is believed to have caused this.

14. Andrew Jackson had a pet parrot. And he taught his parrot, Polly, to curse like a sailor. There is even one legend that the parrot had to be taken out of Jackson’s funeral for its proclivity for profanity!

15. The Bloody Mary wasn’t always called Bloody Mary! First, the popular brunch drink was actually called A Bucket Of Blood. After Bucket Of Blood, it transitioned to Red Snapper and, finally, settled on Bloody Mary.

16. In the Ancient Olympics, athletes performed naked! This was to achieve closeness to the gods and also help detox their skin through sweating. In fact, the word “gymnastics” comes from the Ancient Greek words “gumnasía” (“athletic training, exercise”) and “gumnós” (“naked”).

Related: Best History Podcasts
17. In 1386, a pig was executed in France. In the Middle Ages, a pig attacked a child who went to die later from their wounds. The pig was arrested, kept in prison, and then sent to court where it stood trial for murder, was found guilty and then executed by hanging!

18. During the Great Depression, people made clothes out of food sacks. People used flour bags, potato sacks, and anything made out of burlap. Because of this trend, food distributors started to make their sacks more colorful to help people remain a little bit fashionable.

19. During the Victorian period, it was normal to photograph loved ones after they died. People would dress their newly-deceased relatives in their best clothing, and then put them in lifelike poses and photograph them. They did this to preserve one last image of their dead loved one!

20. The shortest war in history lasted 38 minutes! It was between Britain and Zanzibar and known as the Anglo-Zanzibar War, this war occurred on August 27, 1896. It was over the ascension of the next Sultan in Zanzibar and resulted in a British victory.

Related: History of Halloween
21. Tug of War used to be an Olympic sport! It was part of the Olympic schedule between 1900 and 1920 and occurred at 5 different Summer Olympic Games. The nation to win the most medals in this was Britain with 5 medals, then the USA with 3.

22. The University of Oxford is older than the Aztec Empire. The University of Oxford first opened its doors to students all the way back in 1096. By comparison, the Aztec Empire is said to have originated with the founding of the city of Tenochtitlán at Lake Texcoco by the Mexica which occurred in the year 1325.

23. The most famous female serial killer was a Hungarian Countess, Elizabeth Báthory de Ecsed. She was accused of torturing and killing over 650 young women. Most of them were between the ages of 10 and 14.

24. Russia ran out of vodka celebrating the end of World War II! When the long war ended, street parties engulfed the Soviet Union, lasting for days–until all of the nation’s vodka reserves ran out a mere 22 hours after the partying started.

25. The first official Medals of Honor were awarded during the American Civil War. They were awarded to Union soldiers who participated in the Great Locomotive Chase of 1862.

26. In 18th century England, pineapples were a status symbol. Those rich enough to own a pineapple would carry them around to signify their personal wealth and high-class status. In that day and age, everything from clothing to houseware was decorated with the tropical fruit.

27. In Ancient Greece, they believed redheads became vampires after death! This was partly because redheaded people are very pale-skinned and sensitive to sunlight. Unlike the Mediterranean Greeks who had olive skin and dark features.

28. Ferrets, dogs, and monkeys were the most popular pets in the Roman Empire. Instead of cats, Ancient Romans used ferrets to hunt mice and rats. They used dogs as guards and monkeys as entertainment.

29. Tablecloths were originally designed to be used as one big, communal napkin. When they were first invented, guests were meant to wipe off their hands and faces on a tablecloth after a messy dinner party.

30. Before alarm clocks and way before smartphone alarms, there were people called knocker-uppers who would literally knock on people’s window to wake them up in time for work. Up until the 1970s, knocker-uppers used a long stick, soft hammers, rattles, or even pea shooters to reach their clients’ windows!
31. British poet and politician, Lord Byron, kept a pet bear in his dormitory while studying at Cambridge. Known for being an avid animal lover, when he found out he couldn’t bring his dog he decided to bring a tame bear to live with him on campus instead. He was even known to take it on walks with a leash!
32. For over 30 years, Canada and Denmark have been playfully fighting for control of a tiny island near Greenland called Hans Island. Once in a while, when officials from each country visit, they leave a bottle of their country’s liquor as a power move.
 
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A man having his nose measured during Nazi Aryan race determination tests, 1940
Image description:
A
man having his nose measured during Aryan race determination tests under Nazi Germany's' Nuremberg Laws that were applied to determine whether a person was considered a Jew.
 
August 6, 2021 marks the 244th anniversary of the Battle of Oriskany.

A short history:

In 1777, British General John Burgoyne devised a plan to end the American Revolution by effectively separating New York from the rest of the colonies.

His plan was to have a three prong attack on Albany. He would lead a force out of Canada down Lakes Champlain and George, General Howe would move a force from New York up the Hudson, and General Barry St. Leger would cross Lake Ontario and lay siege to Ft. Stanwix and move east along the Mohawk River.

Hearing of the siege, General Nickolas Herkimer called out the Tryon County militia and moved to relieve the fort. He set off with a combined force of 750 militia and Oneida allies to face a British combined force of 1300-1500 regulars, Tory militia and Iroquois.

About 6 miles from the fort they were ambushed as they crossed a creek in Oriskany.

As the battle raged, General Herkimer was shot through the leg; killing his horse. He was placed beneath a tree where he commanded his troops while smoking his pipe.

A thunderstorm brought a brief lull to the fighting but after it cleared, the fighting resumed. As ammunition ran low, the fighting turned to hand-to-hand.

Eventually both sides retired. During the battle Herkimer sent a runner to the fort to say (falsely) that a large relief column was heading to Stanwix to lift the siege. This news caused the siege force to abandon their positions. At this time the fort’s garrison ransacked the siege camp.

Upon their return the Tories and British allies found their belongings gone. This discovery led many to head for home discouraged.

This was one of the bloodiest battles of the Revolution and although considered a tactical victory for the British, their ultimate goals were never realized.

St. Leger retired to Canada, Howe never even left New York (he didn’t want to share the glory with Burgoyne), and Burgoyne got his butt kicked at Saratoga.

Unfortunately, General Herkimer’s wound got infected and his leg wasn’t amputated til days later. The surgery went badly and he died on August 16th.

He is buried at the Herkimer Homestead in Little Falls.718C04E8-D4AF-4872-BC4A-A81FDD5C7339.jpegAC701CBA-49EF-4C3A-A41F-546EF70CDA18.jpeg
 
Together We Served
1ltSng0pogcnhsored ·
Military History
Heroic Pilot Just Managed to Land and Save His Buddy’s Life
Being launched off the flight deck of an aircraft carrier is a normal routine, but adrenaline junkie pilots love the radical feel of about 4 Gs.
On July 9, 1991, an A-6 Intruder modified to be a refueling aircraft was shot off the Abraham Lincoln in the Persian Gulf. Lieutenant Mark Baden was the pilot and had his friend and navigator (BN), Lieutenant Keith Gallagher beside him.
It was Gallagher’s birthday, and he advised Baden when they returned it would be his 100th trap recovery on an aircraft carrier.
A mid-air collision had occurred a few days earlier, and Baden was slightly nervous. On top of all the other odd circumstances, he was actually assigned the plane with his name emblazoned on the side – unlike in the movies, the pilots don’t always fly the plane with their name.
He made all the normal checks and touched all the buttons and switches. Satisfied he was ready for anything, the aircraft was blasted off the end of the carrier to accomplish the mission: to refuel other aircraft in the sky.
The refueling version of the A-6 was a KA-6D and was modified by removing radar and bomb equipment to install internal refueling gear. Some attack capability including a visual bombing ability was retained, but the overall design was to provide fuel in the air. This plane served the US Navy extensively from 1963 to 1997.
About mid-way through the flight – which is often considered the most boring time – the crew occupied themselves by performing fuel checks. One problem appeared – a stuck float in one of the tanks.
Baden decided to bounce the aircraft around a bit to try to unstick it. Flying at 8,000 feet, he maneuvered the plane to experience positive and negative G at 230 knots. His body floated out of the seat a bit. Then he heard a BANG!
A sudden depressurization of the cockpit and rush of roaring wind caused Baden to look about for the problem. Expecting to see Gallagher’s face, he was shocked to be looking at the navigator’s knees. Alarmed, he quickly assessed the situation. The canopy was sealed against the windshield, but the Plexiglas was shattered. Gallagher’s upper body was outside the aircraft. He seemed to be stuck in the canopy!
From Gallagher’s point of view, he looked down, saw the top of the pilot’s helmet, and realized he was sitting on top of A06 flying at over 200 knots! The forceful wind ripped off his mask and hit him in the face. His description: “It was like trying to drink through a fire hose.” He maneuvered his hands to hold near his chest. Fighting for air, he tried to think.
Meanwhile, Baden’s mind raced, wondering what had happened. One of the first things he thought was, “I need to slow down!” He quickly brought the throttles toward idle and thrust the flaps down. In a panic, he activated an emergency switch. As the plane slowly decelerated, Baden looked up to see the rest of Gallagher’s body buffeting in the wind. The navigator’s head snapped about he appeared unable to breathe.
Gallagher’s face was distorted with the force of the wind. His cheeks and eyes were bulging. His neck strained dreadfully with the attempt to stay with the plane. At his belly were the razor-sharp, jagged edges of the Plexiglas threatening to pierce his body. Baden noted this and considered a quick stop, such as a tail hook catch, might impale his navigator on those knife-edged pieces.
The BN, fighting off unconsciousness, felt blind and lost. Gallagher stated the wind felt like a rushing wall of water. He couldn’t see and the roaring of the wind filled his ears. He realized he was suffocating and before blacking out he was aware of saying, “I don’t want to die.”
Baden saw Gallagher move his arms about and was relieved to see he was still alive. He grabbed the radio and called, “Mayday, Mayday, this is 515. My BN has partially ejected. I need an emergency pull-forward!” Immediately the reply burst from the radio, the calm voice of the air boss on the ship, “Bring it on.”
With the clearance to land on the aircraft carrier, Baden attempted to keep the speed as slow as possible and not fall out of the sky. Gallagher’s legs kicked wildly causing Baden to heave a sigh of relief: he was still alive. He watched the BN’s head and body buffeting about and feared his friend was being beaten to death.
The Boss called over the radio to ask if the BN was still in the plane. Baden quickly responded, “Only his legs are still inside the cockpit,” not considering the horrific images people on the ship might be picturing in their minds. But the Boss understood. Declaring the deck clear and notifying other aircraft of the emergency occupied the Abraham Lincoln for a few minutes.
Baden was ready to land the plane and was set up for a straight-in catch. Then his blood ran cold. Gallagher was no longer kicking. A glance through the canopy at the BN’s face caused the pilot to quickly turn and avoid looking at his friend. Gallagher’s head was on his shoulder and by all appearances, his neck was broken.
The closer to the sea, the more the front windscreen fogged over. Baden switched the defogger on high and was about to unstrap to wipe the glass with his hand when it cleared. Then he saw the ship had turned hard to the left. He uttered some inappropriate remarks toward the ship and prepared to chase the centerline.
Luckily, a landing signal officer advised the captain he could deal with the winds and to cruise “steady.” Baden was relieved to see a straight-line wake behind the Abraham Lincoln.
He drove in carefully to not cause any more damage to Gallagher. At the slower speed, he noted the Plexiglas shards, “looked like a butcher’s knife collection. I was very concerned that the deceleration of the trap was going to throw him into the jagged edge of the canopy.” Further, he had full intention to catch the first wire and get stopped as quickly as possible without cutting his navigator in half.
When the wheels hit the deck, Baden flinched when the hook didn’t catch. He raised the nose in an effort to pivot the plane so the hook would be lower. The relief was immense when he felt the tailhook connection with the wire. The thought of rolling off the deck and requiring a helicopter sea rescue would have capped the already horrible flight.
Baden killed the engines and made everything safe. Getting out of his side of the cockpit, he touched his friend’s arm. “Am I on the flight deck?” Gallagher asked. Relief washed over the pilot as he gripped the cold hand and waited for the medics. He was talking when the crash crew carefully lifted him from the plane. Baden headed straight for medical as soon as his BN had been extracted.
Gallagher had woken up when the A-6 stopped. He was amazed to be on the flight deck instead of walking through the pearly gates of heaven to see long lost relatives. The mishap which almost cost his life was countered by a series of miraculous happenings, including being pinned by the shoulder harness which prevented his unconscious body from surging forward during the landing.
Later Baden learned the only thing holding Gallagher in the aircraft was the parachute risers caught on the back of the seat. His astute actions saved his BN’s life. He was awarded the Air Medal, and the crew of the Abraham Lincoln received a letter from Gallagher’s wife thanking them for saving his life.
He recovered fully and continued his Navy career to retirement. He declared there were many reasons he survived that 26th birthday, one of which was some good old fashion Irish luck.
View attachment 171612
What an amazing and uplifting story Pappy, thank you.
 
1 July 1942 – Australia's worst maritime disaster occurs when the Montevideo Maru is torpedoed by American submarine USS Sturgeon.

The MV Montevideo Maru, was a Japanese passenger vessel constructed in Nagasaki in 1926. It was operated until the outbreak of the Second World War for service between Japan and South America. During the Second World War the Montevideo Maru was used by the Imperial Japanese Navy as an auxiliary vessel transporting troops and provisions throughout South East Asia. Montevideo Maru was sunk on 1 July 1942, resulting in the drowning of many Australian prisoners of war and civilians being transported from Rabaul.

The Montevideo Maru.

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The Montevideo Maru was spotted by the American submarine USS Sturgeon. For approximately four hours the Sturgeon manoeuvred into a position to fire its four stern torpedoes. Sturgeon pursued, but was unable to fire, as the target was traveling too fast at 17 knots. However, it slowed to about 12 knots at midnight; according to crewman Yoshiaki Yamaji, it was to rendezvous with an escort of two destroyers. Unaware that it was carrying Allied prisoners of war and civilians, Sturgeon fired four torpedoes at Montevideo Maru before dawn of 1 July, causing the vessel to sink in only 11 minutes.

According to Yamaji in 2003, Australians in the water sang "Auld Lang Syne" to their trapped mates as the ship sank beneath the waves. He said: "There were more POWs in the water than crew members. The POWs were holding pieces of wood and using bigger pieces as rafts. They were in groups of 20 to 30 people, probably 100 people in all. They were singing songs. I was particularly impressed when they began singing Auld Lang Syne as a tribute to their dead colleagues. Watching that, I learnt that Australians have big hearts."
 
2 July 1566 – Nostradamus, French astrologer and author dies.

Michel de Nostredame (14 or 21 December 1503 – 2 July 1566), usually Latinised as Nostradamus, was a French physician and reputed seer, who is best known for his book Les Propheties, a collection of 942 poetic quatrains allegedly predicting future events. The book was first published in 1555 and has rarely been out of print since his death.

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Most academic sources reject the notion that Nostradamus had any genuine supernatural prophetic abilities and maintain that the associations made between world events and Nostradamus's quatrains are the result of misinterpretations or mistranslations, sometimes deliberate. On the other hand, Nostradamus supporters have retrospectively claimed that he predicted major world events, including the Great Fire of London, the French Revolution, the rises of Napoleon Bonaparte and Adolf Hitler, the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and the September 11 attacks.
 
3 July 1886 – Karl Benz officially unveils the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, the first purpose-built automobile.

The Benz Patent-Motorwagen "patent motorcar", built in 1885, is widely regarded as the world's first automobile, that is, a vehicle designed to be propelled by an internal combustion engine. The original cost of the vehicle in 1885 was 600 imperial German marks, approximately 150 US dollars (equivalent to $3,998 in 2016). The vehicle was awarded the German patent number 37435, for which Karl Benz applied on January 29, 1886. About 25 Patent-Motorwagens were built between 1886 and 1893.

Benz unveiled his invention to the public on 3 July 1886, on the Ringstrasse in Mannheim.

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