grahamg
Old codger
- Location
- South of Manchester, UK
Here is something that came up in another discussion on the forum recently:
https://www.simplypsychology.org/tr...es that adult,states interact with each other.
Quote:
"Transactional analysis believes that adult to adult communication/ transactions leads to the most effective and healthy communication thus relationships with others. The different types of transactions below explain how interactions from the different ego states interact with each other."
"When this theory is applied to adults, theorizing that men and women experience recognition-hunger and a need for strokes. However, while infants may desire strokes that are primarily physical, an adult may be contented with other forms of recognition, such as nods, winks, or smiles.
While strokes may be positive or negative, it is theorized that it is better to receive a negative stroke than no stroke at all. When one person asks another out on a date, for example, and receives a flat refusal, that person may find the refusal to be less damaging than a complete lack of acknowledgment."
2nd Quote:
There are three basic philosophical assumptions in Transactional Analysis:
1) People are OK. This roles off the Tongue easily but I think it’s important to examine what this means. This is the fundamental acceptance that regardless of what you do, no matter what you think, or despite your feelings you are a worthwhile, valuable person in your own right. You are special. Everyone is special. We are all as important as each other. How amazing is that as a first principle?! This principle carries itself directly into the therapeutic relationship between therapist and client. We are both equal. We share the responsibility of cure. To make sure that both therapist and client are sure of what their goal is, TA therapists work with contracts – a clear written down agreement between both parties stating the goal of the therapy taking place.
2) We can all think. If we have all got the capacity to think then we have all got the capacity to work out what we want and work out how to get there. The therapists job is to support and guide you in this task but you do not need anyone else to decide for you. You know what’s best for you. For many clients entering therapy it may not feel this way when they start. Some feel confused and unsure and are looking for the therapist to tell them what to do. The therapist will work with the client on clearing this confusion. It’s a bit like wiping condensation off a mirror so we can see ourselves once more.
3) People decide their own destiny and have the power to change these decisions at any time. If we got to where we are today because of the decisions that we made then it’s within our power to change these decisions. We can be who we want to be and achieve our goals if that’s what we choose to do. I’m not suggesting that this is always easy. Small changes may start the process and build up to larger changes when it feels safe. It’s about getting around the barriers to change together. Sometimes they need kicking down, sometimes we go round them and sometimes we realise that although they look like they are there, when we examine them up close, they are not there at all!
3rd Quote:
https://www.goodtherapy.org/learn-about-therapy/types/transactional-analysis
"Inspired by Freud’s theory of personality—primarily his belief that the human psyche is multifaceted and that different components interact to produce a variety of emotions, attitudes and complex behaviors—and Penfield’s groundbreaking experiments involving the stimulation of specific brain regions with electrical currents, Berne developed an approach that he described as both neo- and extra-Freudian.
Discerning the need to build upon the philosophical concepts Freud introduced with observable data, Berne developed his own observable ego states of Parent, Adult, and Child, following Freud’s proposal of the existence of the id (emotional and irrational component), Ego (rational component), and Superego (moral component) as different and unobservable factions of personality.
Berne also took special note of the complexities of human communication. He highlighted the fact that facial expressions, gestures, body language, and tone may be regarded as more important by the receiver than any spoken words. In his book Games People Play, he noted that people may sometimes communicate messages underpinned with ulterior motives.
Berne posited that each individual possesses three ego states. His ego states—the Parent, the Adult, and the Child—do not directly correspond to Freud’s Id, Ego, and Superego, however. Instead, these states represent an individual’s internal model of parents, adults, and children. An individual may assume any of these roles in transactions with another person or in internal conversation. These roles are not directly associated with their typical English definitions but can be described as follows:
Parent consists of recordings of external events observed and experienced by a child from birth through approximately the first five years of life. These recordings are not filtered or analyzed by the child; they are simply accepted without question. Many of these external events are likely to involve the individual’s parents or other adults in parent-link roles, which led Berne to call this ego state “the Parent.” Examples of external events recorded in this state:
https://www.simplypsychology.org/tr...es that adult,states interact with each other.
Quote:
"Transactional analysis believes that adult to adult communication/ transactions leads to the most effective and healthy communication thus relationships with others. The different types of transactions below explain how interactions from the different ego states interact with each other."
"When this theory is applied to adults, theorizing that men and women experience recognition-hunger and a need for strokes. However, while infants may desire strokes that are primarily physical, an adult may be contented with other forms of recognition, such as nods, winks, or smiles.
While strokes may be positive or negative, it is theorized that it is better to receive a negative stroke than no stroke at all. When one person asks another out on a date, for example, and receives a flat refusal, that person may find the refusal to be less damaging than a complete lack of acknowledgment."
2nd Quote:
There are three basic philosophical assumptions in Transactional Analysis:
1) People are OK. This roles off the Tongue easily but I think it’s important to examine what this means. This is the fundamental acceptance that regardless of what you do, no matter what you think, or despite your feelings you are a worthwhile, valuable person in your own right. You are special. Everyone is special. We are all as important as each other. How amazing is that as a first principle?! This principle carries itself directly into the therapeutic relationship between therapist and client. We are both equal. We share the responsibility of cure. To make sure that both therapist and client are sure of what their goal is, TA therapists work with contracts – a clear written down agreement between both parties stating the goal of the therapy taking place.
2) We can all think. If we have all got the capacity to think then we have all got the capacity to work out what we want and work out how to get there. The therapists job is to support and guide you in this task but you do not need anyone else to decide for you. You know what’s best for you. For many clients entering therapy it may not feel this way when they start. Some feel confused and unsure and are looking for the therapist to tell them what to do. The therapist will work with the client on clearing this confusion. It’s a bit like wiping condensation off a mirror so we can see ourselves once more.
3) People decide their own destiny and have the power to change these decisions at any time. If we got to where we are today because of the decisions that we made then it’s within our power to change these decisions. We can be who we want to be and achieve our goals if that’s what we choose to do. I’m not suggesting that this is always easy. Small changes may start the process and build up to larger changes when it feels safe. It’s about getting around the barriers to change together. Sometimes they need kicking down, sometimes we go round them and sometimes we realise that although they look like they are there, when we examine them up close, they are not there at all!
3rd Quote:
https://www.goodtherapy.org/learn-about-therapy/types/transactional-analysis
"Inspired by Freud’s theory of personality—primarily his belief that the human psyche is multifaceted and that different components interact to produce a variety of emotions, attitudes and complex behaviors—and Penfield’s groundbreaking experiments involving the stimulation of specific brain regions with electrical currents, Berne developed an approach that he described as both neo- and extra-Freudian.
Discerning the need to build upon the philosophical concepts Freud introduced with observable data, Berne developed his own observable ego states of Parent, Adult, and Child, following Freud’s proposal of the existence of the id (emotional and irrational component), Ego (rational component), and Superego (moral component) as different and unobservable factions of personality.
Berne also took special note of the complexities of human communication. He highlighted the fact that facial expressions, gestures, body language, and tone may be regarded as more important by the receiver than any spoken words. In his book Games People Play, he noted that people may sometimes communicate messages underpinned with ulterior motives.
Berne posited that each individual possesses three ego states. His ego states—the Parent, the Adult, and the Child—do not directly correspond to Freud’s Id, Ego, and Superego, however. Instead, these states represent an individual’s internal model of parents, adults, and children. An individual may assume any of these roles in transactions with another person or in internal conversation. These roles are not directly associated with their typical English definitions but can be described as follows:
Parent consists of recordings of external events observed and experienced by a child from birth through approximately the first five years of life. These recordings are not filtered or analyzed by the child; they are simply accepted without question. Many of these external events are likely to involve the individual’s parents or other adults in parent-link roles, which led Berne to call this ego state “the Parent.” Examples of external events recorded in this state:
- Do not play with matches.
- Remember to say “please” and “thank you.”
- Do not speak to strangers.
- I feel happy when Mom hugs me.
- Dad’s late night movie was very scary.
- I feel sad when Mom is sad.
- Adult, the final ego state, is the period in which a child develops the capacity to perceive and understand situations that are different from what is observed (Parent) or felt (Child). The Adult serves as a data processing center that utilizes information from all three ego states in order to arrive at a decision. One important role of the Adult is to validate data which is stored in the Parent:
- I see that Suzie’s house was burnt down. Mom was right—I should not play with matches.
