I think the important thing to know and never forget is that the government isn’t stupid. The many seemingly dumb and wasteful things we see being done are not a result of ignorance or inept handling by elected officials. It’s mostly intentional with elected officials being content to look stupid rather than look like they’re favoring the rich and intentionally destroying the country for them. Find a program that looks botched, wasteful, or foolish and follow the money. You’ll see.
It is a big mistake to think that our political leadership is stupid. In fact, they'd prefer you to think that, to underestimate them.
I don't uniformly think that they favor the rich at all times, however. This is what I think happens, and I'd be interested in kicking it around a bit.
I think that in the end, both of the major parties tend to represent the interests of the wealthy, and that this is very often in the form of add-ons to bill. Most normal such business is therefore "under the radar". Did you ever hear of the carried interest exemption before it came under scrutiny in 2007?
But to obtain power in this nation you must be elected, and say what one will, I think that most elections are valid. If they are fixed, then they are paying way too much in campaign contributions to justify an already decided outcome. So what happens is that each candidate approaches an election as a demonstration to moneyed interests of their access to power. They are granted power by the fact of election.
Now that they have access to power for 2, 4 or 6 year terms, they bid out their services to interests that can benefit them, one way or another.
But how does one get elected? In the US it's by promising something that the majority of voters within a particular political boundary like, and they therefore vote for you over an opponent who does not make as many promises, or as convincingly.
It's important to note here that the candidate is perfectly willing to keep the promises so long as they do not alienate the interests of the moneyed. So they can promise and deliver services that are funded by taxes, that certain moneyed interested are exempted from, or they can fail to deliver the promises, claiming that they intended to, but were thwarted by opponents.
The moneyed interests also know this, and it doesn't matter to them so long as their interests are served.
Nor are the moneyed interests monolithic; some interests, such as manufacturing, have less clout with the elected officials than do, say, banking. So there's actually a degree of warfare and competition between the moneyed interests.
So I'd say that an example of a promise to essentially purchase votes was the recent forgiveness of student debt, coming as it did 6 months before a mid-term. This seems like a fairly obvious attempt to motivated young, middle class or less, college educated adults to vote for a particular party.
Too, loosening immigration plays to the interests of those looking for cheaper labor, and at the same time caters to the emotions of many voters who are ethnically or economically related to the immigrants.
In only rare cases are the undifferentiated voters actually represented; more often they receive benefit as a by-product of a benefit for the moneyed classes; it's what figurative falls off the table, and if you're quick, you can get some of these crumbs. This would be the case for someone like me benefiting from the decision to retain the capital gains step up of basis on the death of the owner.
So really, you cannot really count on electing anyone to represent your interests. They most you can hope for is that the rules as you've learned and mastered them, do not change, or if they do, to learn the new rules and adapt to them as best you can, in any way that you can.