Magnesium Supplements, Omega-3 and B Vitamins Decrease Depression
Another alternative to antidepressants could come in the form of magnesium supplements. Research published in PLOS One revealed that magnesium supplements led to improvements in mild-to-moderate depression in adults, with beneficial effects occurring within two weeks of treatment. "It works quickly and is well tolerated without the need for close monitoring for toxicity," the researchers said.[SUP]17
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Magnesium acts as a catalyst for mood-regulating neurotransmitters like serotonin, and research published in 2015 also revealed a significant association between very low magnesium intake and depression, especially in younger adults.[SUP]18[/SUP] Beyond magnesium, the animal-based omega-3 fats EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) are also crucial for brain health.
The 2001 book, "The Omega-3 Connection," written by Harvard psychiatrist Dr. Andrew Stoll, was among the first works to bring attention to, and support the use of, omega-3 fats for depression, and they've been shown to lead to improvements in major depressive disorder.[SUP]19[/SUP] Making sure you're getting enough omega-3s in your diet, either from wild Alaskan salmon, sardines, herring, mackerel and anchovies, or a high-quality animal-based omega-3 supplement, is crucial for optimal mental health.
B vitamins are also important, and low levels of B vitamins are common in patients with depression, while vitamin B supplements have been shown to improve symptoms.[SUP]20[/SUP]
Further, in a study of 9,700 vegetarian (including a small number of vegan) men, vegetarians were nearly twice as likely to suffer from depression as meat eaters, even after adjusting for variables like job status, family history and number of children.[SUP]21[/SUP] Vegetarians tend to have lower intakes of omega-3 fats, vitamin B12 and folate, which could affect depression risk.
In the case of folate, it helps your body produce mood-regulating neurotransmitters, including serotonin and dopamine. One 2012 study found people who consumed the most folate had a lower risk of depression than those who ate the least.[SUP]22[/SUP] Addressing nutrient deficiencies, as well as optimizing your diet, are keys to mental health and should be first-line strategies to treating depression.
Light Therapy for Depression
Another option that shows promise is light therapy. Full-spectrum light therapy is often recommended over antidepressants for the treatment of seasonal affective disorder (SAD), but it may be preferable even for major depression. Light therapy alone and placebo were both more effective than Prozac for the treatment of moderate to severe depression in an eight-week long study.[SUP]27
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Further, in a study of patients with bipolar disorder, who have recurrent major depression, bright white light therapy was also effective in boosting mood, with 68 percent achieving a normal mood after four to six weeks of treatment compared to 22 percent of those who received a placebo treatment.[SUP]28
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Along these lines, exposure to sunlight is also important, not only because it will help optimize your vitamin D levels (another factor linked to depression[SUP]29[/SUP]) but also because via other mechanisms, like regulating your circadian rhythm and production of serotonin, which is released in response to sunlight exposure.
Exercise — Even One Hour a Week — Is Crucial
Even a minimal amount of exercise may be enough to combat depression in some people — as minimal as one hour a week, according to an 11-year study in which people who engaged in regular leisure-time exercise for one hour a week were less likely to become depressed.
On the flipside, those who didn't exercise were 44 percent more likely to become depressed compared to those who did so for at least one to two hours a week.[SUP]30[/SUP] "The majority of this protective effect occurred at low levels of exercise and was observed regardless of intensity," the researchers said, adding that, "assuming the relationship is causal, 12 percent of future cases of depression could have been prevented if all participants had engaged in at least one hour of physical activity each week."[SUP]31[/SUP]