History, anything goes, including pictures

Pappy said:
Butch Cassidy is one of the most famous burglars in the world. He was the leader of the Wild Bunch in the Old Western United States. He became famous for being notoriously good at robbing banks and trains, often running away with half a million dollars with each steal.

In 1900, several members of the Ild Bunch gang were shot and killed after an ambitious robbery and Butch Cassidy fled the country with law enforcement on his tail. He and the rest of his gang were killed in Bolivia after hiding for nearly 10 years. View attachment 156200
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This image is known as the "Fort Worth Five Photograph."

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Front row left to right: Harry A. Longabaugh, alias the Sundance Kid, Ben Kilpatrick, alias the Tall Texan, Robert Leroy Parker, alias Butch Cassidy; Standing: Will Carver & Harvey Logan, alias Kid Curry; Fort Worth, Texas, 1900.
 

24 March 1882 – Robert Koch announces the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis.

Robert Heinrich Hermann Koch (1843–1910) was a German physician and microbiologist. As the founder of modern bacteriology, he identified the specific causative agents of tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax and gave experimental support for the concept of infectious disease, which included experiments on humans. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, then known as the "tubercle bacillus", was first described on 24 March 1882 by Robert Koch, who subsequently received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for this discovery in 1905; the bacterium is also known as "Koch's bacillus”.

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The 24th March is World Tuberculosis Day in recognition of the day Robert Koch announced his tuberculosis discovery.
 
24 March 1896 – In Russia, A S Popov makes the first radio signal transmission in history.

Alexander Stepanovich Popov (1859–1906) was a Russian physicist who is acclaimed in his homeland and some eastern European countries as the inventor of radio. Popov's work as a teacher at a Russian naval school led him to explore high frequency electrical phenomena. On 7 May 1895 he presented a paper on a wireless lightning detector he had built that worked via using a coherer to detect radio noise from lightning strikes. This day is celebrated in the Russian Federation as Radio Day. On 24 March 1896 Popov used radio waves to transmit a message between different campus buildings in St Petersburg.

Alexander Stepanovich Popov with his device. USSR stamp ... text says "Inventor of radio, A. S. Popov, 1859-1906. Demonstration of the first radio, 1895”.

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March 25

On 25 March 1807, the Abolition of the Slave Trade Act entered the statute books. Nevertheless, although the Act made it illegal to engage in the slave trade throughout the British colonies, trafficking between the Caribbean islands continued, regardless, until 1811.
 
25 March 1199 – Richard I of England, or Richard the Lionheart, is wounded by a crossbow bolt, leading to his death on April 6.

Richard I (1157–1199) was King of England from 6 July 1189 until his death. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Aquitaine and Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, Count of Poitiers, Anjou, Maine, and Nantes, and was overlord of Brittany at various times during the same period. Most of his life as king was spent on Crusade, in captivity, or actively defending his lands in France. After the fall Richard’s fortress, the Château de Gisors in Normandy, to King Philip II of France Richard set about building the vast Château Gaillard, "one of the finest castles in Europe”, overlooking the River Seine.

Richard the Lionheart from a 12th-Century Codex. Richard I being anointed during his coronation in Westminster Abbey, from a 13th-century chronicle. Artist’s impression of Château Gaillard. Castle de Châlus-Chabrol in 1460. Richard forgiving the crossbowman Bertrand de Gurdun. Tomb containing the heart of King Richard at Rouen Cathedral.

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In the early evening of 25 March 1199, Richard was walking around the castle perimeter without his chainmail, investigating the progress of sappers on the castle walls. Missiles were occasionally shot from the castle walls, but these were given little attention. One defender in particular amused the king greatly, a man standing on the walls, crossbow in one hand, the other clutching a frying pan he had been using all day as a shield to beat off missiles. He deliberately aimed at the king, which the king applauded; however, another crossbowman then struck the king in the left shoulder near the neck. He tried to pull this out in the privacy of his tent but failed; a surgeon removed it, "carelessly mangling" the King's arm in the process.

The crossbowman turned out to be a boy. He said Richard had killed his father and two brothers, and that he had killed Richard in revenge. Richard forgave him before he ordered the boy to be freed and sent away with 100 shillings. Richard’s wound swiftly became gangrenous and he died on 6 April 1199 in the arms of his mother.
 
25 March 1807 - The first fare-paying, passenger railway service in the world was established on the Swansea and Mumbles Railway in Wales.

The Swansea and Mumbles Railway was the world's first passenger railway service, located in Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom. Originally built under an Act of Parliament of 1804 to move limestone from the quarries of Mumbles to Swansea and to the markets beyond, it carried the world's first fare-paying railway passengers on 25 March 1807. It later moved from horse power to steam locomotion, and finally converted to electric trams.

Horse-drawn passenger carriage on the Swansea and Mumbles Railway, 1807. A very popular service.

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At the time of the railway's closure, it had been the world's longest serving railway. At 11.52 on Tuesday 5 January 1960, the last train, a ceremonial special carrying local dignitaries, left Swansea for Mumbles driven by Frank Duncan, who had worked on the railway since 1907.
 
25 March 1936 – Tasmania's telephone cable to mainland Australia is opened.

On Wednesday 25 March 1936, Prime Minister Joseph Lyons, who was born in the town of Stanley, opened the world’s longest submarine telephone and telegraph cable link, extending from mainland Australia to Tasmania.

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Despite being separated from the Australian mainland, improved telephone and submarine technology enabled the colony of Tasmania to be linked. A new submarine cable extending from Apollo Bay in Victoria to Stanley on the northwest coast of Tasmania, the cable was completed in 1936 and was, at the time, the longest submarine cable in the world.
 
mellowyellow said:
Civil War veterans from the North and South shake hands at the Battle of Gettysburg's 50th anniversary, 1913.

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Lovely to see Mellowyellow. Hopefully time heals as they say.

All honourably discharged veterans were invited to the reunion, drawing more than 50,000 members of the Grand Army of the Republic (the north) and the United Confederate Veterans (the south). Fifty years after the battle, many were in their 70s.

A Union veteran and a Confederate veteran shake hands at the Assembly Tent.

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On the evening of March 25th, 1944, with the Third Battle of Cassino over, two British correspondents from the AFPU (Army Film and Photo Unit) entered the ruined town under the cover of darkness.

Accompanying them were the men of C Company, 25th New Zealand Battalion, on their way back to the northern sector of Cassino after a two-day rotation in reserve.

The AFPU team, composed by photographer Lt. Richard Gade and cameraman Sgt J. Jessiman, spent the next 48 hours with C Company, concentrating on the activities of its no.13 Platoon.

Although shot 3 days after the offensive had been called off, their photos and cine footage represent the most authentic images of the third Battle collected by the Allied side.

In this photo, Corporal Allan Bartlett, one of the Battalion snipers, scans the ruins through the scope of his Lee-Enfield No.4 MkI (T). On one of his dope sheets, Sgt Jessiman wrote:

“Nobody moves during the day for to move even from one building to another is to invite death from a sniper’s bullet or a mortar shell…”

Every time he was questioned about the number of enemy soldiers he had killed, Corporal Bartlett simply replied: “Several…”

Colour by Rui @incoloreveritas
Original: IWM (NA 13384)81ACF9F9-FF61-43B5-9A63-7FD7AC4F084C.jpeg
 
A very poignant photograph of a former prisoner of war, Australian Army Nursing Service (AANS) nurse Sister Kathleen Blake, recovering in hospital, 1945.

It took months for the former internees to regain their health after three and a half years of captivity by the Japanese in WW2.

Kathleen’s last rank was Captain. She was a survivor of the ill-fated SS Vyner Brooke, sunk by the Japanese on the 14th of February 1942. Of the 65 servicewomen who embarked on the Vyner Brooke, only 24 returned to Australia. Of the 32 taken prisoner of war, 8 died in captivity.

Kathleen passed away, aged 85 years, on 7th April 1998 at Sydney, NSW. and is buried in the New South Wales Garden of Remembrance.

Around 5,000 Australian nurses served in a variety of locations, including the Middle East, the Mediterranean, Britain, Asia, the Pacific, and Australia.

78 died, some through accident or illness, but most as a result of enemy action or while prisoners of war.

Lest We Forget.

Photograph came from the State Library of Victoria (SLV) an005114.4370FBD7-7335-461E-899F-3B69AD897246.jpeg
 
Pappy said:
A very poignant photograph of a former prisoner of war, Australian Army Nursing Service (AANS) nurse Sister Kathleen Blake, recovering in hospital, 1945.

It took months for the former internees to regain their health after three and a half years of captivity by the Japanese in WW2.

Kathleen’s last rank was Captain. She was a survivor of the ill-fated SS Vyner Brooke, sunk by the Japanese on the 14th of February 1942. Of the 65 servicewomen who embarked on the Vyner Brooke, only 24 returned to Australia. Of the 32 taken prisoner of war, 8 died in captivity.

Kathleen passed away, aged 85 years, on 7th April 1998 at Sydney, NSW. and is buried in the New South Wales Garden of Remembrance.

Around 5,000 Australian nurses served in a variety of locations, including the Middle East, the Mediterranean, Britain, Asia, the Pacific, and Australia.

78 died, some through accident or illness, but most as a result of enemy action or while prisoners of war.

Lest We Forget.

Photograph came from the State Library of Victoria (SLV) an005114.View attachment 156594
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Stunning photo, many thanks Pappy, I knew the men suffered terribly but had no idea women were also starved, like this poor woman.
 
Elvis Presley being sworn into the U.S. Army at Fort Chaffee, Arkansas, March 24, 1958. offered the chance to enlist in Special Services to entertain the troops and live in priority housing, but was persuaded by his manager to serve as a regular soldier.


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March 26
1953 Dr. Jonas Salk announces that he has successfully tested a vaccine to prevent Polio, clinical trials began the next year
Why Famous: Discovered and developed the first successful inactivated polio vaccine.

When the Salk vaccine was introduced, polio was considered the most frightening public health problem of the post-war United States.

He was uninterested in personal profit and when asked in a televised interview who owned the patent to the vaccine, Salk replied: "There is no patent. Could you patent the sun?"

Born: 28 October 1914
Birthplace: NYC, New York, USA
Died: 23 June 1995 (aged 80)
Cause of Death: Heart Failure

I remember lining up for the shot in primary school, wonderful man who wasn't interest in profit, he was such a great humanitarian.
 
mellowyellow said:
Elvis Presley being sworn into the U.S. Army at Fort Chaffee, Arkansas, March 24, 1958. offered the chance to enlist in Special Services to entertain the troops and live in priority housing, but was persuaded by his manager to serve as a regular soldier.


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Thanks Mellowyellow ... brings back memories, not that I was a fan in those days.

Elvis Presley served in the United States Army between March 1958 and March 1960. During his service, Presley's life was affected in many ways, beginning with the death of his mother. Not long before he was to be stationed in Germany, Gladys Presley died of a heart attack brought on by acute hepatitis and cirrhosis at age 46. When he was stationed in West Germany, he met his future wife Priscilla Beaulieu and became dependent on stimulants and barbiturates. This unhealthy addiction eventually led to his divorce, and ultimately his death at age 42 in 1977.

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mellowyellow said:
View attachment 156677

March 26
1953 Dr. Jonas Salk announces that he has successfully tested a vaccine to prevent Polio, clinical trials began the next year
Why Famous: Discovered and developed the first successful inactivated polio vaccine.

When the Salk vaccine was introduced, polio was considered the most frightening public health problem of the post-war United States.

He was uninterested in personal profit and when asked in a televised interview who owned the patent to the vaccine, Salk replied: "There is no patent. Could you patent the sun?"

Born: 28 October 1914
Birthplace: NYC, New York, USA
Died: 23 June 1995 (aged 80)
Cause of Death: Heart Failure

I remember lining up for the shot in primary school, wonderful man who wasn't interest in profit, he was such a great humanitarian.
Click to expand...
Brilliant work.

Incidents of poliomyelitis began to rise to epidemic proportions across Europe and North America, reaching their peak in the United States in 1952, with 57,628 cases in one year. One of the worst symptoms of acute polio was muscle paralysis. If paralysis affected the chest muscles, the patient couldn’t breathe unaided and might die. The solution came from a team at Harvard University. The 'iron lung', as it was nicknamed, was a huge metal box attached to bellows in which the patient was encased. The continuous suction from the bellows kept the patient breathing. It soon became a feature of the polio wards of the mid-1900s. By 1939, around 1,000 iron lungs were in use in the USA.

An "iron lung" ward.

90
 
26 March 1812 – A political cartoon in the Boston Gazette coins the term "gerrymander" to describe oddly shaped electoral districts designed to help incumbents win reelection.

Gerrymandering is a practice intended to establish a political advantage for a particular party or group by manipulating electoral district boundaries. In 1812, Governor Elbridge Gerry signed a bill that redrew Massachusetts state senate election districts to benefit his Democratic-Republican Party. The word gerrymander, originally written Gerry-mander, was used for the first time in the Boston Gazette on 26 March 1812 in relation to a caricature satirising the bizarre shape of a district in Essex County, Massachusetts, as a dragon-like "monster".

Gerrymander caricature by Elkanah Tisdale in the Boston Gazette, 26 March 1812.
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Federalist newspaper editors and others at the time likened the district shape to a salamander. The word gerrymander is a blend of Governor Gerry's last name and salamander.
 
26 March 1830 – The Book of Mormon is published in Palmyra, New York.

The Book of Mormon is a sacred text of the Latter Day Saint movement, which adherents believe contains writings of ancient prophets who lived on the American continent from approximately 2200 BC to AD 421. It was first published by Joseph Smith and went on sale at the bookstore of E. B. Grandin in Palmyra, New York on 26 March 1830.

According to Smith, he was seventeen years of age when an angel of God named Moroni appeared to him and he experienced a series of visions, including one in which he saw "two personages" and others in which the angel directed him to an ancient book of golden plates bound by wire buried in a nearby hill in present-day Wayne County, New York. He said the plates were inscribed with a Judeo-Christian history of an ancient American civilisation. Smith published what he said was an English translation of these plates as the Book of Mormon when he was twenty-four years old. Accounts vary of the way in which Smith dictated the Book of Mormon. Smith himself implied that he read the plates directly using spectacles prepared for the purpose of translating. Other accounts variously state that he used one or more seer stones placed in a top hat. Both the special spectacles and the seer stone were at times referred to as the "Urim and Thummim".

Joseph Smith. Cover page of The Book of Mormon from an original 1830 edition, by Joseph Smith. U.S. Library of Congress. Plates of Nephi as described.
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Smith enlisted his neighbour Martin Harris as a scribe during his initial work on the text. During the translating process itself, Smith sometimes separated himself from his scribe with a blanket between them. Additionally, the plates were not always present during the translating process, and when present, they were always covered up. The same year the Book of Mormon was published, Smith organised the Church of Christ, calling it a restoration of the early Christian church. By the time of his death fourteen years later, he had attracted tens of thousands of followers and founded a religious culture that continues to the present. The Latter Day Saint movement has over 16 million members today.
 
26 March 1983 – Anthony Blunt, English historian and spy dies.

Anthony Frederick Blunt (26 September 1907 – 26 March 1983), known as Sir Anthony Blunt, KCVO, from 1956 to 1979, was a leading British art historian who in 1964, after being offered immunity from prosecution, confessed to having been a Soviet spy. Blunt was Professor of the History of Art at the University of London, director of the Courtauld Institute of Art and Surveyor of the Queen's Pictures.

Blunt had been a member of the Cambridge Five, a group of spies working for the Soviet Union from some time in the 1930s to at least the early 1950s. In 1963, MI5 learned of Blunt's espionage from an American, Michael Straight, whom he had recruited. Blunt confessed to MI5 on 23 April 1964, and Queen Elizabeth II was informed shortly thereafter. In return for Blunt's full confession, the British government agreed to keep his spying career an official secret for fifteen years, and granted him full immunity from prosecution.

Queen Elizabeth II with Anthony Blunt in 1959. The Cambridge Five: Arnold Deutsch the NKVD recruiter Cambridge, Kim Philby, Donald MacLean, Guy burgess and Anthony Blunt.
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His confession was revealed publicly by Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in November 1979. He was stripped of his knighthood immediately thereafter. For weeks after Thatcher’s announcement, Blunt was hunted by the press. He was removed as an Honorary Fellow of Trinity College and dismissed from his position in the British Academy. He broke down in tears in his BBC Television confession at the age of 72. Blunt died of a heart attack at his London home in 1983, aged 75.
 

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