History, anything goes, including pictures

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March 27 1625
Charles 1, King of England, Scotland and Ireland ascends the English throne

Why Famous: Lost the English Civil War, executed in Whitehall, London - but wore an extra shirt because he did not want shivers due to the cold to be misinterpreted as fear.

Born: 19 November, 1600
Birthplace/ Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland
Died: 30 January 1649 (aged 48)
Cause of Death: Decapitation
 

mellowyellow said:
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March 27 1625
Charles 1, King of England, Scotland and Ireland ascends the English throne

Why Famous: Lost the English Civil War, executed in Whitehall, London - but wore an extra shirt because he did not want shivers due to the cold to be misinterpreted as fear.

Born: 19 November, 1600
Birthplace/ Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland
Died: 30 January 1649 (aged 48)
Cause of Death: Decapitation
Click to expand...
A tumultuous life and a grizzly death.

Contemporary German print of Charles I's beheading outside the Banqueting House, Whitehall.

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27 March 1964 – The Good Friday earthquake, the most powerful earthquake recorded in North American history at a magnitude of 9.2 strikes south central Alaska, killing 125 people and inflicting massive damage to the city of Anchorage.

The 1964 Alaskan earthquake caused ground fissures, collapsing structures, and tsunamis resulting from the earthquake caused about 139 deaths. Lasting four minutes and thirty-eight seconds, the magnitude 9.2 megathrust earthquake was the most powerful recorded in North American history, and the second most powerful recorded in world history.

The earthquake split the Turnagain section of Anchorage with a criss-cross of deep fissures. Fourth Avenue in Anchorage, Alaska.

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27 March 1977 – The deadliest aviation accident in history occurs when two Boeing 747 airliners collide on a foggy runway on Tenerife in the Canary Islands, killing 583.

A terrorist incident at Gran Canaria Airport had caused many flights to be diverted to Los Rodeos, including the two aircraft involved in the disaster. The airport quickly became congested with parked aircraft blocking the only taxiway and forcing departing aircraft to taxi on the runway instead. Patches of thick fog were also drifting across the airfield, preventing aircraft and control tower from seeing each other.

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The deadly collision occurred when KLM 4805 initiated its takeoff run while Pan Am 1736, shrouded in fog, was still on the runway and about to turn off onto the taxiway. Both planes were destroyed in the collision. All 248 passengers and crew aboard the KLM plane died, as did 335 passengers and crew aboard the Pan Am plane, primarily due to the fire and explosions resulting from the fuel spilled and ignited in the impact.
 
mellowyellow said:
March 28
World’s largest dinosaur footprint at 1.7 metres found in Kimberley, Western Australia on this day in 2017.

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Scientists have published details of the world's biggest dinosaur footprints, found in Western Australia, with the sauropod prints measuring a whopping 1.7 metres……..

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-03...saur-footprint-found-north-western-wa/8391098
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Amazingly huge creatures ... what a find.

More remarkable to scientists is that the world's biggest footprints are just one type of about 21 different kinds of dinosaur footprints in the area. "With 21 different types of tracks represented, that makes it the most diverse dinosaur footprint fauna in the world," Dr Salisbury said.

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28 March 1483 – Raphael, Italian painter and architect is born.

Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino, known as Raphael, was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. Together with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, he forms the traditional trinity of great masters of that period. After his death, the influence of his great rival Michelangelo was more widespread until the 18th and 19th centuries, when Raphael's more serene and harmonious qualities were again regarded as the highest models.

The Sistine Madonna is perhaps the most thoroughly discussed and analysed of all Raphael's paintings. The School of Athens is one of Raphael’s most famous frescoes.

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Raphael was enormously productive, running an unusually large workshop and, despite his death at 37, leaving a large body of work. Many of his works are found in the Vatican Palace, where the frescoed Raphael Rooms were the central, and the largest, work of his career. The best known work is The School of Athens in the Vatican Stanza della Segnatura.
 
28 March 1566 – The foundation stone of Valletta, Malta's capital city, is laid by Jean Parisot de Valette, Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.

Valletta contains buildings from the 16th century onwards, built during the rule of the Order of St. John also known as Knights Hospitaller. The city is essentially Baroque in character, with elements of Mannerist, Neo-Classical and Modern architecture in selected areas, though the Second World War left major scars on the city, particularly the destruction of the Royal Opera House. The City of Valletta was officially recognised as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1980.

Grand Master's Palace, Valletta. The Tapestry Hall. The Palace Armoury.

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The building of a city on the Sciberras Peninsula had been proposed by the Order of Saint John as early as 1524. Back then, the only building on the peninsula was a small watchtower dedicated to Erasmus of Formia (Saint Elmo), which had been built in 1488. In 1552, the watchtower was demolished and the larger Fort Saint Elmo was built in its place.

Aerial view of Valletta. South-eastern fortifications: St. James' Bastion, left; St Peter’s and St Paul's Bastion, right, having at its top the porticoes of the Upper Barracks Gardens.

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In the Great Siege of 1565, Fort Saint Elmo fell to the Ottomans, but the Order eventually won the siege with the help of Sicilian reinforcements. The victorious Grand Master, Jean de Valette, immediately set out to build a new fortified city on the Sciberras Peninsula to protect the Order's position in Malta and bind the Knights to the island. The city took his name and was called La Valletta.
 
March 29
845 Paris is sacked by Viking raiders, who collect a huge ransom in exchange for leaving.

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A 5,000 strong fleet of Danish Vikings invaded Frankish lands in 845 and only retreated after besieging Paris and securing a ransom from the Frankish King Charles the Bald. They were part of a series of devastating raids begun by the Vikings from the 790s.

Although struck by an outbreak of plague, the Vikings overcame this to return home with their ransom of 7,000 French livres of gold and silver.
 
29 March 1871 – Royal Albert Hall is opened by Queen Victoria.

In 1851, the Great Exhibition, for which the Crystal Palace was built, was held in Hyde Park, London. The exhibition was a great success and led Prince Albert, the Prince Consort, to propose the creation of a permanent series of facilities for the enlightenment of the public in the area. Progress on the scheme was slow and in 1861 Prince Albert died, without having seen his ideas come to fruition. However, a memorial was proposed for Hyde Park, with a Great Hall opposite.

Queen Victoria arrives for the official opening on 29 March 1871.

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The Hall proposal was approved and the site of Gore House was purchased with some of the profits from the Exhibition. In April 1867 Queen Victoria signed the Royal Charter of the Corporation of the Hall of Arts and Sciences which was to operate the Hall and on 20 May, laid the foundation stone. The official opening ceremony of the Hall was on 29 March 1871. A welcoming speech was given by Edward, the Prince of Wales; Queen Victoria was too overcome to speak. A concert followed.
 
29 March 1974 – The Terracotta Army was discovered in Shaanxi province, China.

The Terracotta Army was discovered on 29 March 1974 by farmers digging a water well approximately 1.5 kilometres east of the Qin Emperor's tomb mound at Mount Li, a region riddled with underground springs and watercourses. The Terracotta Army is a collection of terracotta sculptures depicting the armies of Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China. It is a form of funerary art buried with the emperor in 210–209 BCE and whose purpose was to protect the emperor in his afterlife.

Pit one, which is 230 metres long and 62 metres wide, contains the main army of more than 6,000 figures.

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The figures vary in height according to their roles, with the tallest being the generals. The figures include warriors, chariots and horses. Estimates from 2007 were that the three pits containing the Terracotta Army held more than 8,000 soldiers, 130 chariots with 520 horses and 150 cavalry horses, the majority of which remained buried in the pits nearby Qin Shi Huang's mausoleum. Other terracotta non-military figures were found in other pits, including officials, acrobats, strongmen and musicians.
 
mellowyellow said:
March 29
845 Paris is sacked by Viking raiders, who collect a huge ransom in exchange for leaving.

View attachment 157126
A 5,000 strong fleet of Danish Vikings invaded Frankish lands in 845 and only retreated after besieging Paris and securing a ransom from the Frankish King Charles the Bald. They were part of a series of devastating raids begun by the Vikings from the 790s.

Although struck by an outbreak of plague, the Vikings overcame this to return home with their ransom of 7,000 French livres of gold and silver.
Click to expand...
Wonderful illustration, thanks Mellowyellow.
 
30 March 1772 – Lieutenant Louis Aleno de St Alouarn of the French Navy made the first claim of sovereignty over Western Australia by a European power, at Turtle Bay on Dirk Hartog Island.

At Baie de Prise de Possession, translated as “Bay of Taking Possession”; later Turtle Bay at Dirk Hartog Island on 30 March 1772, Officer Jean Mengaud de la Hage became the first European to formally claim possession of Western Australia, on behalf of King Louis XV whilst St Alouarn himself remained aboard the ship. It means that the honour of the claim on behalf of the king should go to Mengaud, rather than St Alouarn. Members of Mengaud's ceremonial team raised the white ensign on the island and buried a bottle containing a document stating what had occurred, alongside two silver écu coins, worth six Livres tournois or Francs.

Louis Aleno de St Alouarn, a notable French mariner and explorer. Map of Shark Bay area showing Dirk Hartog Island. A westward look at Frederickstown. Lithograph reproduction of an etching on woven paper made by Major Lockyer prior to April 1827.

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The French claim over Western Australia was never secured by a permanent settlement.

By 1826, following an expedition to the south coast of Western Australia by Jules Dumont d'Urville, British authorities were seeking to forestall French settlement in Australia. A British Army force, under Major Edmund Lockyer, was despatched from Sydney in the brig Amity, establishing a permanent British settlement at King George Sound, named Frederickstown, later known as Albany.
 
30 March 1820 – Anna Sewell, English author of the novel Black Beauty is born.

Anna Sewell (30 March 1820 – 25 April 1878) was an English novelist. Sewell was born into a devoutly Quaker family. Her father was Isaac Phillip Sewell, and her mother, Mary Wright Sewell, was a successful author of children's books. She had one sibling, a younger brother named Philip. The children were largely educated at home by their mother due to a lack of money for schooling.

Anna Sewel. A copy of the first edition of the book on 24 November 1877, dedicated by the author to her mother, was auctioned off at Christie's in London in June 2006 for £33,000.

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In 1824, Sewell slipped at home and severely injured her ankles. For the rest of her life she could not stand without a crutch or walk for any length of time. For greater mobility, she frequently used horse-drawn carriages, which contributed to her love of horses and concern for the humane treatment of animals.
 
30 March 1853 – Vincent van Gogh, Dutch-French painter and illustrator is born.

Vincent Willem van Gogh (30 March 1853 – 29 July 1890) was a Dutch Post-Impressionist painter who is among the most famous and influential figures in the history of Western art. In just over a decade he created about 2,100 artworks, including around 860 oil paintings, most of them in the last two years of his life. They include landscapes, still lifes, portraits and self-portraits, and are characterised by bold colours and dramatic, impulsive and expressive brushwork that contributed to the foundations of modern art. His suicide at 37 followed years of mental illness and poverty.

Vincent circa 1866, about 13 years old. Vincent van Gogh in 1873, when he worked at the Goupil & Cie's gallery in The Hague. The Starry Night, June 1889, Museum of Modern Art, New York.

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Van Gogh suffered from psychotic episodes and delusions and though he worried about his mental stability, he often neglected his physical health, did not eat properly and drank heavily. His friendship with Gauguin ended after a confrontation with a razor, when in a rage, he severed part of his own left ear. He spent time in psychiatric hospitals, including a period at Saint-Rémy. After he discharged himself and moved to the Auberge Ravoux in Auvers-sur-Oise near Paris, he came under the care of the homoeopathic doctor Paul Gachet. His depression continued and on 27 July 1890, Van Gogh shot himself in the chest with a revolver. He died from his injuries two days later.
 
March 30
1867 Alaska Purchase

US buys Alaska from Russia for $7,200,000 ($109 million in 2018), roughly 2 cents an acre.

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Russia was damaged militarily by its defeat in the Crimean War, in which Britain and its ally France defeated the Empire. Russian Tsar Alexander II began looking for ways to sell Alaska to America, especially as the territory would be impossible to defend if Britain decided to attack it. (Britain held Canada as a colony at the time of the sale.)
 
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On May 13th, 1973, 55-year old Bobby Riggs thrashed Margaret Court, then the world No 2, in a match known as the "Mother's Day Massacre".

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In the early 1970s, disagreeing with Billie Jean King’s demands about equal pay, he started criticising women’s tennis in the most provocative way, probably with the goal of getting attention. “A women’s place is in the kitchen and the bedroom – and not necessarily in that order”, would remain one of the famous statements that earned him then nickname “male chauvinist pig”.

Eventually, aged 55, he decided to challenge Billie Jean King in her prime to prove the superiority of men’s tennis but she had declined so far and had no intention of facing him.

Margaret Court
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Born in 1942, the Australian was considered as the best women’s tennis player of all time. Her long reach and great ability to move made her serve and volley game lethal in those days. Her strength was a main asset and allowed her to produce very effective overheads………

https://www.tennismajors.com/our-fe...by-riggs-massacred-margaret-court-245288.html

I found this story fascinating and had no idea that Margaret Court was humiliated in this way. But it's all there if you look around in history.
 
31 March 1492 – Queen Isabella of Castile issues the Alhambra Decree, ordering her 150,000 Jewish and Muslim subjects to convert to Christianity or face expulsion.

The Alhambra Decree or Edict of Expulsion was an edict issued on 31 March 1492, by the joint Catholic Monarchs of Spain, Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon, ordering the expulsion of practicing Jews from the Kingdoms of Castile and Aragon and its territories and possessions by 31 July of that year.

A signed copy of the Edict of Expulsion. The Grand Inquisitor friar Tomás de Torquemada in 1492 offers to the Catholic Monarchs the Edict of expulsion of the Jews from Spain for their signature. Oil by Emilio Sala Francés, 1889. Expulsions of Jews in Europe.

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The primary purpose was to eliminate Jewish influence on Spain's large converso population and ensure they did not revert to Judaism. Over half of Spain's Jews had converted as a result of the religious persecution and pogroms which occurred in 1391. As a result of the Alhambra decree and persecution in prior years, over 200,000 Jews converted to Catholicism and between 40,000 and 100,000 were expelled, an indeterminate number returning to Spain in the years following the expulsion.
 
31 March 1889 – The Eiffel Tower is officially opened.

The Eiffel Tower is a wrought iron lattice tower on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France. It is named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company designed and built the tower. Constructed from 1887–89 as the entrance to the 1889 World's Fair, it was initially criticised by some of France's leading artists and intellectuals for its design. The Eiffel Tower was officially opened on 31 March 1889.

Construction photos 30 June 1887 until 15 March 1889. Opening and subsequent photos.

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The tower is 324 metres tall, about the same height as an 81-storey building, and the tallest structure in Paris. Its base is square, measuring 125 metres on each side. During its construction, the Eiffel Tower surpassed the Washington Monument to become the tallest man-made structure in the world, a title it held for 41 years until the Chrysler Building in New York City was finished in 1930.

The Eiffel Tower has become a global cultural icon of France and one of the most recognisable structures in the world. The tower is the most-visited paid monument in the world; 6.91 million people ascended it in 2015.
 
31 March 1917 – The United States takes possession of the Danish West Indies after paying $25 million to Denmark, and renames the territory the United States Virgin Islands.

The Danish West Indies was a Danish colony in the Caribbean, consisting of the islands of Saint Thomas, Saint John and Saint Croix. The Danish West India Guinea Company annexed the uninhabited island of Saint Thomas in 1672 and St. John in 1675. In 1733, Saint Croix was purchased from the French West India Company. When the Danish company went bankrupt in 1755, the King of Denmark-Norway assumed direct control of the three islands. Britain occupied the Danish West Indies in 1801–02 and 1807–15, during the Napoleonic Wars.

The islands were transferred to the United States on 31 March 1917 for 25 million dollars.

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April 1
1974 Ayatollah Khomeini

1974 Ayatollah Khomeini calls for an Islamic Republic in Iran
Full Name: Ruhollah Khomeini
Profession: Supreme Leader of Iran

Why Famous: Iranian religious leader, revolutionary, politician and leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution which saw the overthrow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the then Shah of Iran.
 

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