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Meanwhile, deep in the deserts of central and western Iran, Israeli special forces troops released swarms of drones which targeted radar facilities and surface-to-air missile capabilities – the military hardware an Iranian response to Israel’s attacks would rely on.
Israel is expert in such clandestine operations. Even so, the methodology represented a ‘hat-tip’ to Ukraine, which is understood to secretly exchange ‘tactics, techniques and procedures’ (TTPs), in military vernacular, with Israel.
The rationale for that cooperation from Israel’s perspective is it supports Ukraine – though it does not publicise that support – because Iran supplies Russia with thousands of drones.
With so many layers of Iran’s defences destroyed, Israeli jets focused on their main target, the centrepiece of Iran’s nuclear-enrichment programme, the Natanz atomic facility in Ishfahan province, 140 miles south of Tehran.
The IDF (Israel Defence Forces) and the International Atomic Energy Authority confirmed damage to the multi-storey enrichment hall where the nuclear centrifuges are housed.
Natanz has tens of thousands of centrifuges and significantly contributes towards Iran’s highly enriched uranium stockpile.
The IDF also targeted infrastructure at the site which, in its words, ‘enables the continuous functioning and the continued advancement of the Iranian regime’s project to obtain nuclear weapons’.
Crucially, the Bushehr nuclear power plant was left unscathed. This ensured there was no increase in radiation levels.
This was by no means the first Israeli strike on Natanz.
It was the target of a major cyber attack in 2010 and a guerrilla-warfare style attack in 2020, when explosives were hidden inside one of the buildings.
As many as ten strikes were reported at Tabriz airport and a nearby oil refinery in north-west Iran. A long column of black smoke was seen rising from the airport. Three people were reported dead in the city itself.
Israel also struck dozens of radar installations in western Iran, probably by means of special forces troops approaching the sites on foot, assembling miniature kamikaze drones and setting them off towards these military facilities. Operating at such short range, these drones evaded Iran’s limited surveillance capabilities.
Explosions were also reported at the Nojeh airbase in Hamedan, western Iran. A number of senior Iranian military officers were also said to have been killed when they convened for what they thought was a secret meeting to plan pre-emptive strikes on Israel.
The venue was chosen for its protection, a bunker deep underground. But, according to reports, the bunker was not deep enough, as an Israeli warhead penetrated the basement.