History, anything goes, including pictures

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10 March 1908 – Australian geologists Professor Edgeworth David and Douglas Mawson accompanied by four others are the first people to scale Mount Erebus in Antarctica.

Australian geologists Professor Edgeworth David and Douglas Mawson, climbed Mount Erebus as members of Shackleton’s Nimrod expedition. Led by David, six of Shackleton’s men made the first ascent of Erebus, the 3,794 metre high active volcano that dominates Ross Island and which had been discovered by Ross’s expedition in 1841. Professor David’s party reached the crater rim on 10 March 1908 after a strenuous five-day climb.

Heading towards Erebus.



David’s successful assault on Mount Erebus at the end of the summer had provided valuable geological observations of the volcano and also familiarised the men with their equipment and sledging gear ready to set off for the South Magnetic Pole in October 1908.

 

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1928… A group of thugs in Australia.

 

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1928… A group of thugs in Australia.

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Those Sydney thugs in the photo were members of a razor gang. Razor gangs were criminal gangs that dominated the Sydney crime scene in the 1920s. After the passage of the Pistol Licensing Act 1927, the Parliament of New South Wales imposed severe penalties for carrying concealed firearms and handguns. Sydney gangland figures then chose razors as preferred weapons, for their capacity to inflict disfiguring scars. Members of the New South Wales Police and several New South Wales politicians also had connections to the gangs.

Tilly Devine, known as the ‘Queen of Woolloomooloo’ and connected to the gangs ran a string of brothels centred around Darlinghurst and the Cross, and in particular, Palmer Street. Kate Leigh, known as the ‘Queen of Surry Hills’, was a sly groger and fence for stolen property.

The two major razor gangs were associated with Tilly and Kate. These two gangs began open warfare in 1929, culminating in two riots. One was known as the "Battle of Blood Alley" and was waged in Eaton Avenue, King's Cross.

 

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A French man reacts to trying Coca-Cola for the first time (1950s)

 

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"Gunkanjima" (or "Battleship Island" because of its shape) is an abandoned island built by Mitsubishi Corporation. Its sole purpose was to house 5,000 residents there to work in its coal mine for 100 years.

In 1974, with the coal reserves nearing depletion, the mine was closed and all of the residents departed soon after, leaving the island effectively abandoned.

 

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44 BC – Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, Gaius Cassius Longinus, Decimus Junius Brutus, and several other Roman senators on the Ides of March.

Gaius Julius Caesar (13 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) usually called Julius Caesar, was a Roman politician and general who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.

The Ides of March is the 74th day in the Roman calendar, corresponding to 15 March. It was marked by several religious observances and was notable for the Romans as a deadline for settling debts. In 44 BC, it became notorious as the date of the assassination of Julius Caesar which made the Ides of March a turning point in Roman history.



After assuming control of government, Caesar began a programme of social and governmental reforms, including the creation of the Julian calendar. He gave citizenship to many residents of far regions of the Roman Empire. He initiated land reform and support for veterans.

Caesar centralised the bureaucracy of the Republic and was eventually proclaimed "dictator in perpetuity", giving him additional authority. This declaration made several senators fear that Caesar wanted to overthrow the Senate in favour of tyranny. His populist and authoritarian reforms also angered the elites, who began to conspire against him.

Death of Caesar by Vincenzo Camuccini. Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna, Rome.

On the Ides of March, 15 March 44 BC, Caesar was assassinated by a group of rebellious senators led by Gaius Cassius Longinus, Marcus Junius Brutus and Decimus Junius Brutus.

As a result, a new series of civil wars broke out and the constitutional government of the Republic was never fully restored. Caesar's adopted heir Octavian, later known as Augustus, rose to sole power after defeating his opponents in the civil war.

Octavian set about solidifying his power and the era of the Roman Empire began.

 

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Bob Dylan with son Jesse Dylan outside his home in Woodstock, New York, 1968. Photograph Elliott Landy

 

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44 BC – Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, Gaius Cassius Longinus, Decimus Junius Brutus, and several other Roman senators on the Ides of March.

Gaius Julius Caesar (13 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) usually called Julius Caesar, was a Roman politician and general who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.

The Ides of March is the 74th day in the Roman calendar, corresponding to 15 March. It was marked by several religious observances and was notable for the Romans as a deadline for settling debts. In 44 BC, it became notorious as the date of the assassination of Julius Caesar which made the Ides of March a turning point in Roman history.

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After assuming control of government, Caesar began a programme of social and governmental reforms, including the creation of the Julian calendar. He gave citizenship to many residents of far regions of the Roman Empire. He initiated land reform and support for veterans.

Caesar centralised the bureaucracy of the Republic and was eventually proclaimed "dictator in perpetuity", giving him additional authority. This declaration made several senators fear that Caesar wanted to overthrow the Senate in favour of tyranny. His populist and authoritarian reforms also angered the elites, who began to conspire against him.

Death of Caesar by Vincenzo Camuccini. Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna, Rome.

On the Ides of March, 15 March 44 BC, Caesar was assassinated by a group of rebellious senators led by Gaius Cassius Longinus, Marcus Junius Brutus and Decimus Junius Brutus.

As a result, a new series of civil wars broke out and the constitutional government of the Republic was never fully restored. Caesar's adopted heir Octavian, later known as Augustus, rose to sole power after defeating his opponents in the civil war.

Octavian set about solidifying his power and the era of the Roman Empire began.

Rare 2,000-year-old gold coin marking assassination of Julius Caesar and commemorating his killer Brutus is set to fetch £1.5m at auction after being exhibited at British Museum.

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/ar...ion-Julius-Caesar-set-fetch-1-5m-auction.html

 

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1968 – As a result of nerve gas testing in Skull Valley, Utah, over 6,000 sheep are found dead.

The Dugway sheep incident, also known as the Skull Valley sheep kill, was a 1968 sheep kill that has been connected to United States Army chemical and biological warfare programs at Dugway Proving Ground in Utah. Six thousand sheep were killed on ranches near the base, and the popular explanation blamed Army testing of chemical weapons for the incident, though alternative explanations have been offered.

In the days preceding the Dugway sheep incident the United States Army at Dugway Proving Ground conducted at least three separate operations involving nerve agents. All three operations occurred on March 13, 1968. One involved the test firing of a chemical artillery shell, another the burning of 600 litres of nerve agent in an open air pit and in the third a jet aircraft sprayed nerve agent in a target area about 43 kilometres west of Skull Valley. It is the third event that is usually connected to the Skull Valley sheep kill.

The incident log at Dugway Proving Ground indicated that the sheep incident began with a phone call on 17 March 1968.

The director of the University of Utah's ecological and epidemiological contact with Dugway, a Dr. Bode, phoned Keith Smart, the chief of the ecology and epidemiology branch at Dugway to report that 3,000 sheep were dead in the Skull Valley area. Total sheep deaths of 6,000–6,400 were reported over the next several days as a result of the incident.

The incident affected the Army, and U.S. military policy within a year. The international infamy of the incident contributed to President Richard Nixon's decision to ban all open-air chemical weapon testing in 1969.

A report which remained classified until 1978 and unreleased to the public until nearly 30 years after the incident was called the "first documented admission" by the Army that VX killed the sheep.

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1850 – American Express is founded by Henry Wells and William Fargo.

American Express was founded as an express mail business on 18 March 1850 in Buffalo, New York, U.S. It commenced as a joint stock corporation by the merger of the express companies owned by Henry Wells (Wells & Company), William G. Fargo (Livingston, Fargo & Company), and John Warren Butterfield (Wells, Butterfield & Company).

For years it enjoyed a virtual monopoly on the movement of express shipments (goods, securities, currency, etc.) throughout New York State. American Express later extended its reach nationwide by arranging affiliations with other express companies, railroads, and steamship companies. In 1857, American Express started its expansion in the area of financial services by launching a money order business to compete with the United States Post Office's money orders.

Sometime between 1888 and 1890, J. C. Fargo took a trip to Europe and returned frustrated and infuriated. Despite the fact that he was president of American Express and that he carried with him traditional letters of credit, he found it difficult to obtain cash anywhere except in major cities. Fargo went to Marcellus Flemming Berry and asked him to create a better solution than the letter of credit.

Berry introduced the American Express Traveler's Cheque which was launched in 1891 in denominations of $10, $20, $50, and $100. Traveler's cheques established American Express as a truly international company.

At the end of 1957, American Express CEO Ralph Reed decided to get into the card business, and by the launch date of October 1, 1958, public interest had become so significant that 250,000 cards were issued prior to the official launch date.

As of 31 December 2016, the company had 109.9 million credit cards in force, including 47.5 million cards in force in the United States, each with an average annual spending of US$17,216b.

Today American Express is a multinational financial services corporation headquartered in Three World Financial Center in New York City.

In 2017, Forbes named American Express as the 23rd most valuable brand in the world and the highest within financial services, estimating the brand to be worth US$24.5 billion. In 2018, Fortune ranked American Express as the 14th most admired company worldwide, and the 23rd best company to work for.

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LIGHTHOUSE, Þrídrangaviti, Westman Islands, Iceland
(Photo by: Morgunblaðið/Árni Sæberg, 2009)
Precariously perched on a rock pillar in the Westman Islands around six miles from Iceland’s mainland, the Þrídrangaviti lighthouse is arguably the most isolated lighthouse in the world, and most definitely the scariest. The solitary structure, sitting some 120ft above the raging North Atlantic sea was built in 1939 (without helicopters), which makes imagining how they ever built this place, even more impossible.
Sæberg flew with the national coastguard helicopter, TF LÍF to take the photo of the lighthouse. It's quite incredible how people actually managed to build this lighthouse, just as WW2 began. In 1939 there were no helicopters so people would have had to sail to the cliff and scale it. In an old article in Morgunblaðið, project director Árni G. Þórarinsson says in an interview, "The first thing we had to do was create a road up to the cliff. We got together of experienced mountaineers, all from the Westman Islands. Then we brought drills, hammers, chains, and clamps to secure the chains. Once they got near the top there was no way to get any grip on the rock so one of them got down on his knees, the second stood on his back, and then the third climbed on top of the other two and was able to reach the nib of the cliff above. I cannot even tell you how I was feeling whilst witnessing this incredibly dangerous procedure."
Þrídrangar, the three pillars of rock are in fact four pillars named Stóridrangur, Þúfudrangur, Klofadrangur and the fourth one is nameless. In 1938 a road was constructed to Stóridrangur and the following year the lighthouse was raised. Many years later a helipad was set up on Stóridrangur where helicopters can land.

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Joseph Goebbels with Catholic clergy giving Nazi salute. Germany. 1930's.

 

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[Paco Dennis]

Detente

 

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A man begs for his wife’s forgiveness inside Divorce Court. Chicago, ca. 1948.

 

[JustBonee]

From 1960 ... at the United Nations in NY ... Khrushchev pounding his shoe

 

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A young Xi Jinping (right), now President of the People's Republic of China, on his first visit to the US, where he stayed with the Dvochak family in Muscatine, Iowa, in 1985.