On Tuesday, the NSW Police Force sent its heavy-hitters to Bondi. The ones trained for violent conflict, with access to the state’s most serious weapons. They were two days too late.
On Sunday, it was general duties police – the kind who usually deal with motor vehicle accidents, retail theft and pub brawls – who found themselves responsible for stopping
the deadliest attack Australia has witnessed in 30 years. Some only graduated from the academy a few months ago. Some still live with their folks. None expected anything more than a hot shift at the beach.
Attendees estimated there were about four of them at the festival when the shooting began, multiple sources said (police refused to confirm; on Tuesday night, Premier Chris Minns said there were two, and reportedly later clarified to three). They were armed with pistols, which the vast majority fire once a year when they practise shooting at paper silhouettes at a distance of about 15 metres.
One minute they were watching kids blow bubbles, and the next they were facing
two terrorists who were intent on causing mass fatalities. These gunmen deftly wielded
what appeared to be bolt-action, high-powered rifles, which kill at long distances, and shotguns, which cause a terrible mess at short ones.
As one police veteran put it – on the condition of anonymity so they could speak freely – the local cops were outmatched and outgunned. “You don’t bring a pistol to fight a shotgun or a rifle,” they said.
Police are facing mounting questions about their response to Sunday’s massacre,
at which 15 people died; whether top brass underestimated the risk to that event, whether the general duties police were trained well enough, and whether those young constables should have had better support and access to more effective weapons.
On Tuesday, NSW Police did not respond to questions about whether the Jewish community had requested stronger security than was provided. Police Commissioner Mal Lanyon said, “we base our policing response on the threat that exists at the time … there were police moving through there at all times”.
At a press conference, Minns* angrily rejected a question about rumours that some officers hid when the shooting began, and members of the crowd had asked for their weapons.
“They weren’t shot in the back as they were running away,” he said, referring to two officers who were seriously injured while trying to stop the attack. “They were shot in the front. I’m sorry to be graphic about it, but if there’s any suggestion that NSW Police didn’t live up to their responsibilities to the people of this state, it should be rejected.”
All NSW police are trained for an active shooter scenario. But the training they were given has changed in the past decade. Previously, they were told to contain, negotiate and wait for heavily armed officers to arrive. But a review of incidents from America found waiting was useless; most incidents lasted less than five minutes, while it might take half an hour or more for the Tactical Operations Unit to arrive from Surry Hills.
“The research told us that if we know it’s going to be over in five to 10 minutes, the people who were first there need to act,” said Associate Professor Gene Hodgins, who led the study and is now at Federation University. They are now told to engage and go forward; to move towards the gunman and, as one officer put it, “take him out”. It is called “Stop the Threat”.
This doesn’t mean they have to confront the shooter directly and expose themselves unnecessarily. They can take cover, assess the situation and move towards the shooter discreetly. One senior officer said onlookers may have mistaken taking cover for hiding. A police car was criticised for driving past without stopping, but that may have been a strategic decision based on balancing risk and benefit.
The Bondi detective who eventually shot one of the killers appeared to approach from behind a pole when the gunman wasn’t looking.
The problem with his “engage and go forward” strategy is that it’s terrifying. “There have been one or two instances in America where … even though the police officers have had the training or been told that they have to advance and engage, they have held back,” said Hodgins. “It takes courage to remember your training and override your natural fight or flight response.”
Bondi Westfield* hero Amy Scott followed the protocol. But she was an experienced officer armed with a gun against
a single offender who had a knife. On Sunday, police were confronting at least two gunmen – they didn’t know how many there were – who had high-powered, long-range weapons and the tactical advantage of higher ground.
In contrast, the Bondi local police had pistols. An officer who did only the annual training would have to get close – within, say, 15 metres – to maximise their chances of accuracy. Multiple sources, on the condition of anonymity,
said the detective who shot the older gunman at longer range was more experienced with firearms than most police.
“They’re not cowards,” one senior officer said of the general duties officers who found themselves as first responders on Sunday. “They’re human beings in uniforms. They’re gorgeous young kids trained well and doing their best, when the radio is chaos, there’s people screaming, a shotgun has blown people’s heads off.
It was over in six and a half minutes.”
When Stop the Threat was introduced, the NSW Police Association called for every general duties police car to carry so-called long arms firearms, which would allow police to aim at active shooters from a longer and safer distance. They’re used in New Zealand (which does not arm its officers with pistols) and Canada.
That request was never granted. Only the Tactical Operations Unit and the Public Order and Riot Squad have access to and are trained to use Colt M4 assault rifles. But after Bondi, police are privately admitting that general duties officers may need access, even if it’s just a single rifle kept at the local station in case of an emergency.
“Things are going to look a lot different,” said one.
Another question for the Bondi terror attack inquiry is staffing levels. Senior officers say they have been having trouble filling their roster, particularly at a time of year when there are multiple events.
There were several Hanukkah celebrations within Eastern Suburbs Command on Sunday night.
“You don’t have a lot of room for putting police on different events, which is problematic,” said one. “There’s a lot more events where they have less police.”
But the Bondi terrorist attack is likely to exacerbate this shortage. Outgunned, outmanned, in the firing line and now criticised. Who’d want to be a cop?
* Minns... Premier of NSW Chris Minns
* Refers to a previous knife attack at a suburban shopping complex.